magistrsko delo
Povzetek
Podnebne spremembe in onesnaženje zraka bodisi neposredno ali posredno vplivajo na uživanje človekovih pravic, vključno s pravico do najvišje dosegljivih zdravstvenih standardov. Svet Organizacije združenih narodov za človekove pravice je nevarnosti onesnaženja zraka in podnebnih sprememb na kakovost življenja priznal in začel aktivno izvajati podnebne ukrepe. Resolucija št. 29/15 priznava, da podnebne spremembe vplivajo na širok spekter človekovih pravic in poziva k posebnemu poudarku vpliva, ki ga ima degradacija okolja na pravico do zdravja. Kot odgovor na Resolucijo in korak proti učinkovitim ukrepom je sprejetje Okvirne konvencije Združenih narodov o podnebnih spremembah (poznane tudi kot Pariški sporazum) kot prvega univerzalnega in pravno zavezujočega globalnega sporazuma o podnebnih spremembah. V Preambuli Pariškega sporazuma je zaveza držav podpisnic, da bodo aktivno ukrepale pri reševanju podnebnih sprememb, spoštovale, spodbujale in upoštevale njihove obveznosti glede človekovih pravic, pravice do zdravja, pravic avtohtonih prebivalcev, lokalnih skupnosti, migrantov, otrok, invalidov in ljudi v občutljivih razmerah ter pravice do razvoja ter enakosti spolov, krepitve vloge žensk in medgeneracijski kapital. Tudi Evropska Unija, kot podpisnica sporazuma izvaja aktivno politiko k reševanju tovrstne problematike, tako s sprejemanjem pravnih aktov, najpomembnejše je sprejetje Direktive 2008/50/ES o kakovosti zunanjega zraka in čistejšem zraku za Evropo in njeno izvajanje, kot v izvajanju postopkov proti državam članicam za kršitev obveznosti iz Direktive. Namen magistrske naloge je oceniti ali trenutna ureditev pravice do čistega zraka, ki se uresničuje v sklopu 72. člena Ustave Republike Slovenije in določa pravico do zdravega življenjskega okolja, zadostuje k ustreznemu pravnemu varstvu ali bi bilo smiselno pravico do čistega zraka povzdigniti v samostojno človekovo pravico in s tem napraviti odmik od sistema, ki je antropocentrično naravnan. Rezultati študije so pokazali, da tako Evropska Unija kot slovenski pravni sistem ponuja določeno mero sodnega varstva pravice znotraj individualnih in kolektivnih sporov, ki pa je zaradi abstraktnosti pomanjkljiva. Dikcije zakonov, ki urejajo tovrstno problematiko velikokrat uporabljajo splošne pravne standarde, ki napotujejo na konkretizacijo v sodnih sporih. Zaradi neugodnega položaja tožnikov, saj se največkrat znajdejo v postopkih zoper nasprotne stranke, ki so zaradi sredstev, s katerimi razpolagajo v očitnem nesorazmerju moči, se spori zaradi tveganosti niti ne začnejo. Posledično je sodna praksa pri konkretiziranju pravnih standardov skopa in ne ponuja širok nabor rešitev. Dolgotrajnost postopkov in tveganje o plačilu stroškov so glavni razlogi ne samo, da se spor pred rednimi sodišči sploh ne začne, ampak tudi, da se razprava o pravici ne nadaljuje pred Vrhovnim in Ustavnim sodiščem, ki imata poleg zakonodajalca bistveno vlogo pri kreiranju prava.
Ključne besede
podnebne spremembe;onesnaževanje;človekove pravice;svoboščine notranjega trga;imisije;zdravo življenjsko okolje;pariški sporazum.;
Podatki
Jezik: |
Slovenski jezik |
Leto izida: |
2018 |
Tipologija: |
2.09 - Magistrsko delo |
Organizacija: |
UM PF - Pravna fakulteta |
Založnik: |
[T. Požru] |
UDK: |
338.516.225(043.3) |
COBISS: |
143648515
|
Št. ogledov: |
2946 |
Št. prenosov: |
244 |
Ocena: |
0 (0 glasov) |
Metapodatki: |
|
Ostali podatki
Sekundarni jezik: |
Angleški jezik |
Sekundarni naslov: |
The right to clean air as a human right |
Sekundarni povzetek: |
Climate changes and pollution directly and indirectly impact the effective enjoyment of a wide range of human rights, including the right to the highest attainable standards of health. The United Nations Human Rights Council has recognized climate changes and pollution as a threat to the quality of life and actively started with the implementation of climate actions. Resolution 29/15 recognizes that a wide range of human rights are affected by climate changes and calls for an immediately action on impacts on the right to health. The adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (also known as the Paris Agreement) as the first universal and legally binding global agreement on climate change is considered to be the response to the Resolution and a step towards effective action. In the Preamble of the Paris Agreement the signatory states committed to actively take action to confront climate change, respect, promote and respect the human rights obligations, the right to health, the rights of local population, local communities, migrants, children, people with disabilities and people in sensitive situations and rights to development and gender equality, empowerment of women and intergenerational capital. The European Union, as one of the signatory to the agreement, implements an active policy to tackle these kind of issues by adopting and implementing legal acts, among which the most important is the adoption of Directive 2008/50/EC on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe, and taking procedures against Member States for non-respecting the obligations of the Directive. The purpose of the present master's thesis is to evaluate whether the current regulation of the right to clean air, which is the subject of the Article 72 of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia and determines the right to a healthy living environment, is sufficient for adequate legal protection or it would be more reasonable to move away from the anthropocentric-oriented system by elevating the right to clean air into an independent human right. The results of the study show that both the European Union and the Slovenian legal system offer a certain amount of judicial protection of the right to clean air within individual and collective disputes, which is unfortunately deficient due to the abstraction. Dictions of laws that cover such issues often use general legal standards that suggest concretization of legal disputes. Due to the unfavorable position of plaintiffs, where in most cases are counterparties of more resourceful parties with an obvious disproportion of power, disputes are not even started, as the risk is considered to be excessively elevate. As a consequence, the case law in concretizing the legal standards is vague and does not offer many solutions. The long procedures and the risk of unpaid costs are the main reasons why the disputes are not presented to the ordinary courts and moreover why the cases do not proceed to Supreme and Constitutional Courts, which in addition to the legislative body play a vital role in the creation of law. |
Sekundarne ključne besede: |
climate changes;pollution;human rights;internal market freedoms;emissions;healthy living environment;Paris Agreement.; |
URN: |
URN:SI:UM: |
Vrsta dela (COBISS): |
Magistrsko delo/naloga |
Komentar na gradivo: |
Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak. |
Strani: |
91 str. |
ID: |
10978069 |