Jezik vrednotenj v člankih o hokeju na ledu

magistrsko delo

Janja Sterle (Avtor), Katja Plemenitaš (Mentor), Agata Križan (Komentor)

Povzetek

Media articles, regardless of the media in which they are published (e. g. news, a report, a notification), are generally expected to be characterized by balance and objectivity as one of their most important and identifiable characteristics. However, the results of the analysis show that this is not entirely true for the articles about ice hockey analysed in this thesis. Thus, the presence of a certain degree of subjectivity has been determined. In the thesis, the article was considered objective when the writer wrote about the facts and data that could be checked and did not reveal his/her emotions, presence or opinion. At the same time, the article was considered subjective when the writer was present in the article in a way that s/he revealed his/her emotions or s/he evaluated what was going on and/or the hockey players. For the analysis, the appraisal model developed in 2005 by Martin and White was used because it turned out to be the most useful as their appraisal categories (graduation, engagement, and attitude) cover all lexical choices, with which one shows his/her attitude or engagement or graduates something. Appraisal can be a single word or a phrase that indirectly/implicitly or directly/explicitly expresses one's opinion, judgement, or engagement. According to the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE), appraisal is'a statement or opinion judging the worth, value, or condition of something' (https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/appraisal), while the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (OALD, 8th Edition) defines it as "a judgement of the value, performance or nature of sb/sth" (OALD 2010: 62). The analysis of the articles was carried out with Computer Assisted Text Markup and Analysis (CATMA) platform. Objectives of the thesis were to research the differences in the use of appraisals in the articles that describe the same event, i. e. the ice hockey match. Thus, it was researched how the author's presence and engagement were reflected through appraisal, and how much of subjectivity was present in the articles that were supposed to be objective. Next, I was interested in how the writer is positioned in the articles which report about the winning team, and how in the articles reporting about the losing team. Finally, it was researched which types of appraisal were used in three articles which report about the same match and were published on the official web sites of Los Angeles Kings and Colorado Avalanche, and in the article that was published in a neutral web media FOX Sports. The results showed that the articles that were published on the official web sites of the teams tended to be more subjective as numerous instances of the writer's presence and engagement were found. On the other hand, the article from the neutral web site turned out to be the most objective and unbiased, even though some instances of the writer's presence and engagement were found as well.

Ključne besede

master thesis;appraisal system;appraisals;ice hockey;graduation;engagement;attitude;

Podatki

Jezik:	Angleški jezik
Leto izida:	2019
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FF - Filozofska fakulteta
Založnik:	[J. Sterle]
UDK:	811.111'42(043.2)
COBISS:	24570376
Št. ogledov:	854
Št. prenosov:	82
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	ǂThe ǂlanguage of appraisals in articles about ice hockey
Sekundarni povzetek:	Teorijo modela oziroma sistema jezika vrednotenj (angl. appraisal system) je kot prvi predstavil Peter R. R. White leta 2000, pet let kasneje je v sodelovanju z Jamesom Robertom Martinom ta model še podrobneje razvil in nadgradil. Model sta opredelila ne le kot "medosebni" sistem znotraj diskurzivne semantike, temveč tudi kot enega izmed glavnih virov diskurzivne semantike, saj model v središče raziskovanja in analiziranja postavlja medosebne pomene (angl. interpersonal meaning). Namen magistrskega dela je analizirati subjektivne prvine v medijskih člankih, pri katerih se sicer ne glede na medij, v katerem je bilo neko besedilo objavljeno, pričakujeta uravnoteženost in objektivnost kot najpomembnejši in najbolj prepoznavni lastnosti takšnih besedil. Kljub temu rezultati analize tega magistrskega dela kažejo, da to pričakovanje za članke o hokeju na ledu, ki so analizirani v magistrskem delu, ne drži povsem, saj je v njih prisotna določena mera subjektivnosti. V magistrskem delu izhajam iz stališča, da je članek objektiven takrat, ko avtor/avtorica navaja gola in preverljiva dejstva, o dogodku pa poroča brez razkrivanja svojih čustev in/ali vpletenosti in ne podaja svojega mnenja. Po drugi strani je članek subjektiven takrat, ko avtor/avtorica razkriva svoja čustva/mnenje ali vrednoti oziroma ocenjuje tekmo/igralca. Cilji magistrskega dela so raziskati razlike v rabi jezika vrednotenj v člankih, ki se nanašajo na isti dogodek, tj. hokejsko tekmo. Raziskano je bilo, kako se avtorjeva/avtoričina prisotnost in vpletenost kažeta skozi jezik vrednotenj ter koliko subjektivnosti je v člankih, ki naj bi bili objektivni. Nadalje me je zanimalo, kakšna je perspektiva pisca/piske članka o zmagovalni ekipi in kakšna v članku o poraženi ekipi. Prav tako je bilo raziskano, kateri tipi jezika vrednotenj so bili uporabljeni v treh člankih, ki pokrivajo isto tekmo in so bili objavljeni na uradnih spletnih straneh ekip Los Angeles Kings in Colorado Avalanche ter na spletni strani FOX Sports, ki je bila obravnavana kot nevtralen medij. Pri analizi člankov je bil uporabljen model jezika vrednotenj, ki sta ga leta 2005 izdelala Martin in White, saj njuno definiranje tipov oziroma skupin jezika vrednotenj (stopnjevanje, vpletenost, odnos) zajema vse leksikalne možnosti, ki kažejo na avtorjevo/avtoričino stopnjevanje zapisanega, njegov/njen odnos do nečesa/nekoga ali njegov/njen odnos (estetsko vrednotenje) nečesa. Analiza člankov je bila opravljena s spletno platformo Computer Assisted Text Markup and Analysis (CATMA). Izbrani članki o hokeju na ledu (Waking Up with the Kings, Colorado's Expectations Remain High, Kings Up to 3rd in Pacific with 3-1 Win over Avalanche) so bili analizirani kvantitativno, tj. s preštevanjem posamezne kategorije modela jezika vrednotenj. Prisotnost subjektivnosti v besedilu je bila preverjena kvantitativno, tj. s preštevanjem števila primerov kategorij engagement in attitude na 100 besed (ti dve kategoriji namreč običajno najbolj povezujemo s subjektivnostjo), nazadnje tudi s preštevanjem števila primerov kategorije graduation, ki izkazuje objektivnost. Rezultati so pokazali, da članka, objavljena na uradnih spletnih straneh ekip LAK in CA, vsebujeta razmeroma veliko primerov, ki kažejo na avtorjevo/avtoričino prisotnost in vpletenost v besedilo, npr. citiranje izjav igralcev/trenerjev ter raba okrajšav, fraz, idiomov, pregovorov in besed, ki izražajo protivnost. Čeprav članek, objavljen na nevtralni spletni strani medija FOX Sports, vsebuje nekaj primerov, ki kažejo na avtorjevo/avtoričino prisotnost in vpletenost v besedilo, se je članek izkazal za najbolj objektivnega in nepristranskega izmed vseh treh.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	magistrska dela;jezik vrednotenj;ocenjevanje;hokej na ledu;stopnjevanje;vpletenost;odnos;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Filozofska fak., Oddelek za anglistiko in amerikanistiko
Strani:	VI, 88 str., 10 f. str.
ID:	11119151