Prepoznava osumljencev kaznivih dejanj po fotografijah

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa Varstvoslovje

Povzetek

Preiskovalci pri postopku odkrivanja storilcev pogosto uporabljajo na videz preprosto metodo, v resnici pa vse prej kot to, prepoznavo osumljencev po fotografijah. Z napredkom tehnologije, se je večina klasičnih albumov nadomestila z računalniškimi programi, kateri omogočajo hrambo ogromne količine informacij oz. slik. Priča opiše značilnosti storilca, programi pa na podlagi teh značilnosti predlaga fotografije morebitnih osumljencev. Kljub novodobni tehniki, pa imajo še vedno največjo vlogo psihološki procesi in njihov vpliv na prepoznavo. Potek prepoznave po fotografijah je zakonsko določen (46. člen ZNPPol), določen je tudi celoten postopek fotografiranja storilcev. Preiskovalci, ki sodelujejo pri prepoznavi, morajo poznati pravilen postopek prepoznave, pomembno je tudi, da poznajo različne dejavnike, kateri vplivajo na zaznavanje in interpretacijo priče oz. žrtve. Velikokrat pride do napačne prepoznave, zaradi napak pri zaznavi, pozornosti, ter pri samemu spominu priče oz. žrtve. Neučinkovito izvedeni postopki prepoznave so predstavljeni tudi na praktičnih primerih, ki so se zgodili in kateri lahko služijo, kot opozorilo preiskovalcem pri izvajanju le teh. V diplomski nalogi se bom osredotočila na prepoznavo po fotografijah, njeno zakonsko opredelitev, opisala bom sam postopek fotografiranja storilcev, postopek prepoznave, ter napake, ki so lahko posledica vpliva večih različnih dejavnikov. Na kratko bom primerjala razlike med dvema različnima postopkoma izvedbe prepoznavne vrste iz fotografij, ter njuno učinkovitost pri uspešnosti prepoznave. Skozi te ugotovitve bom tudi potrdila oziroma ovrgla eno od postavljenih hipotez. Kritičen je torej pristop preiskovalcev in njihovo upoštevanje dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na pričo oz. žrtev, ter upoštevanje veljavne zakonodaje pri izvedbi postopka. Napake na enem in drugem področju pa hitro privedejo do napačne prepoznave oz. naprej v kazenskem postopku do napačne obsodbe.

Ključne besede

diplomske naloge;prepoznavanje;prepoznavanje po fotografijah;napake pri prepoznavi;prepoznavanje obrazov;kazniva dejanja;osumljenci;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2019
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	[Š. Legen]
UDK:	343.98:004(043.2)
COBISS:	3735786
Št. ogledov:	903
Št. prenosov:	208
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Eyewitness identification of criminal suspects by photos
Sekundarni povzetek:	Investigators in the process of perpetrator identification procedures frequently use a method that at first sight seems simple but in reality it is anything but that, identification of criminal suspects by photographs. With the progress of technology classical albums with photographs have been replaced with computer based programs, that asre abl to store a large quantity of information or pictures. From the characteristics of the eyewitness description the programs suggest potential suspects. Despite modern technology, psychological processes still have the most influence and play the most important role in the identification procedure. The course of the identification by photographs procedure is set by law (Article 46 of the act ZNPPol), the whole procedure of taking photographs is also determinated. The investigators that take part in the identification, need to know the correct identification procedure, it is also important that they are familiar with different factors, which influence on the perception and interpretation of the eyewitness or victim. Mistakes in perception, the attention and the memory of the eyewitness or victim, often lead to misidentification of the suspect. Ineffective executions of the identification procedures are presented on practical cases, that really happened and can be used as a warning for the investigators when implementing them. In my disertation I will focuse on identification by photographs, its legal definition, I will compare the differences between two different procedures of displaying photographs, I will discribe the procedure of photographing perpetrators, the procedure of identification and the errors that occur as a consequence of multiple different factors. In short I will compare the differences between two identification procedures by photographs and their effectivness with successful identifications. Based on these findings I will also confirm or disprove one of my hypothesis. The critical thing is therefore the approach of the investigators and their consideration of the factors which influence on the eyewitness or victim, as well as consideration of valid legislation during the procedure. The mistakes made in both areas quickly lead to misidentifications of the suspects and later in criminal proceedings to wrongful convictions.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	identification;dentification of persons based on photos;identification errors;face identification;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani:	VI, 42 str.
ID:	11186992