v luči mnenja 1/17
Povzetek
Zaradi trendov svetovnega trgovinskega povezovanja je Evropska unija (EU) zavezana s trgovinskimi predpisi, ki se sklepajo na mednarodni ravni, tj. na podlagi mednarodnega prava. Temeljno sredstvo skupne evropske zunanjetrgovinske politike so poleg multilateralnega povezovanja, prostotrgovinski in investicijski sporazumi kot mednarodne pogodbe, ki vzpostavljajo bilateralne ekonomske integracije med mednarodnimi subjekti prava. Prostotrgovinski in investicijski sporazumi med EU in tretjimi državami nove generacije predvidevajo tudi materialno in procesno varstvo tujih vlagateljev. V okviru procesnega varstva prostotrgovinski sporazumi vzpostavljajo kontroverzni mehanizem za reševanje investicijskih sporov med vlagatelji in državami, ki določenim vlagateljem na notranjem trgu podeljuje posebne pravice. Osrednji problem magistrske naloge je preučevanje združljivosti reševanja sporov med vlagatelji in državami z avtonomijo prava EU, s posebnim poudarkom na združljivosti s temeljnimi pravicami prava EU, v luči Mnenja 1/17. Uvodoma so v magistrski nalogi predstavljeni prostotrgovinski sporazumi v okviru ustavnega okvira prava EU. Pri tem je eno izmed temeljnih ustavnih vprašanj vertikalna delitev pristojnosti za sklenitev sporazumov, ki je ne glede na načelno izključno pristojnost EU na področju skupne trgovinske politike odvisno od konkretne vsebine sporazuma. Zatem so predstavljeni še prostotrgovinski sporazumi nove generacije, ki v ambiciozni postlizbonski politiki precej presegajo zgolj zmanjševanje trgovinskih in investicijskih ovir. Prostotrgovinski sporazumi nove generacije se uporabljajo poleg liberalizacije trga še za spodbujanje spoštovanja človekovih pravic, delovnih standardov, okolja in dobrega upravljanja, vključno z davčnimi zadevami. Sodišče Evropske Unije (Sodišče EU) je varuh avtonomije prava in temeljnih pravic, tudi v odnosu do mednarodnega prava. Ravno združljivost mednarodnega reševanja sporov z avtonomijo prava EU se je v pretekli praksi Sodišča EU izkazala za problematično, čeprav Sodišče EU načeloma priznava združljivost ustanavljanja mednarodnih sodišč s pravom EU. Avtonomija prava EU je v najožjem pomenu jamstvo izključne pristojnosti Sodišča EU za razlago in uporabo prava EU. V širšem smislu pa koncept avtonomije prava EU razumemo kot niz temeljnih vrednot, ki predstavljajo temelj pravnega reda EU oziroma njen ustavni okvir. Del koncepta avtonomije prava EU v širšem smislu so tudi določbe Listine EU in posebne določbe v PEU in PDEU, ki se nanašajo na temeljne pravice EU. Mnenje 1/17 mednarodno reševanje investicijskih sporov postavlja v okvir avtonomije prava EU in skladnosti s temeljnimi pravicami EU. Mnenje 1/17 je v mnogih pogledih prelomno. Predstavlja namreč odmik od dotedanje sodne prakse in predstavlja določeno fleksibilnost Sodišča EU. Mnenje 1/17 na področju mednarodnega reševanja investicijskih sporov označuje začetek nove ere institucionalizacije investicijskih tribunalov in precejšen napredek k prizadevanju vzpostavitve multilateralnega investicijskega sodišča. Na začetku magistrske naloge sem si najprej zadal nalogo preveriti, ali je Mnenje 1/17 skladno z dosedanjo sodno prakso Sodišča EU. Vprašal sem se, ali je mehanizem ICS skladen z ustaljenim konceptom avtonomije prava EU. Pri tem sem postavil trditev, da predstavlja Mnenje 1/17 določen odmik od ustaljene sodne prakse. Trdil sem tudi, da bi Sodišče EU lahko mehanizem ICS spoznalo za nezdružljiv z avtonomijo prava EU, če ne bi upoštevalo politične teže in gospodarskega vpliva svoje odločitve. Skozi celotno magistrsko nalogo se preučuje učinek določb prostotrgovinskih sporazumov na substančno pravo EU. Na najbolj abstraktni ravni gre torej za vprašanje odnosa med mednarodnim pravom, tj. mednarodno pogodbo, in pravom EU. V jedru te magistrske naloge je iskanje ravnovesja med potrebo po ohranitvi avtonomije prava EU in željo po izpolnitvi mednarodnih zavez, ki izhajajo iz prostotrgovinskih sporazumov, katerih pogodbenica je EU.
Ključne besede
mednarodne pogodbe med EU in tretjimi državami;zunanja trgovinska politika;varstvo vlagateljev;mehanizem ISDS;avtonomija prava EU;temeljne pravice;
Podatki
Jezik: |
Slovenski jezik |
Leto izida: |
2019 |
Tipologija: |
2.09 - Magistrsko delo |
Organizacija: |
UM PF - Pravna fakulteta |
Založnik: |
N. Romih] |
UDK: |
339.5.012.42(043.3) |
COBISS: |
5818667
|
Št. ogledov: |
694 |
Št. prenosov: |
100 |
Ocena: |
0 (0 glasov) |
Metapodatki: |
|
Ostali podatki
Sekundarni jezik: |
Angleški jezik |
Sekundarni naslov: |
Investement dispute settlement in new generation free trade agreements: in the light of opinion 1/17 |
Sekundarni povzetek: |
Due to global trade integration trends, the European Union (EU) is bound by internationally agreed trade law. In addition to multilateral integration, free trade and investment agreements, as international treaties establishing bilateral economic integration between international legal entities, are a fundamental instrument of the common European foreign trade policy. New generation free trade and investment agreements between the EU and third countries also provide for material and procedural protection of foreign investors. In the context of procedural protection, free trade agreements establish a controversial mechanism for resolving investment disputes between investors and countries, which confers special rights on certain internal market investors. The central problem of the master's thesis is the study of the compatibility of investor-state dispute resolution with autonomy of EU law, with particular emphasis on compatibility with fundamental rights of EU law, in the light of Opinion 1/17. Firstly, the master's thesis presents free trade agreements within the constitutional framework of EU law. One of the fundamental issues here is the vertical division of powers to conclude agreements, which, regardless of the EU's exclusive competence in the field of the common commercial policy, depends on the specific content of the agreement. It is reasonable to expect that future next generation free trade agreements will be like CETA, i.e. mixed agreements. Secondly, new generation free trade agreements are presented, which in ambitious post-Lisbon policy go far beyond merely reducing trade and investment barriers. In addition to market liberalization, next generation free trade agreements are used to promote respect for human rights, labour standards, the environment and good governance, including tax matters. The Court of Justice of the European Union (Court of Justice) is the guardian of the autonomy of law and fundamental rights, including in relation to international law. Precisely the compatibility of international dispute resolution mechanisms with the autonomy of EU law has proven unlikely in the existent case law of the Court of Justice of the EU, although the Court of Justice of the EU recognizes, in principle, the compatibility of the establishment of international courts with EU law. The autonomy of EU law in the strictest sense is a guarantee of the exclusive jurisdiction of the Court of Justice of the EU to interpret and apply EU law. More broadly, the concept of autonomy of EU law is understood to be a set of core values that underpin the EU's fundamental legal order. Part of the autonomy of EU law in the broad sense are the provisions of the EU Charter and the specific provisions in the TEU in the TFEU, referring to fundamental rights of EU. The Court of Justice of the EU issued Opinion 1/17, which places international investment dispute resolution in the frame of autonomy of EU law and in compliance with the fundamental rights of the EU. Opinion 1/17 is ground-breaking in many ways. It denotes a deviation from previous case law and represents a certain flexibility of the Court of Justice. Opinion 1/17 marks the beginning of a new era of institutionalization of investment tribunals and significant progress towards the establishment of a multilateral investment tribunal. At the beginning of my master's thesis, I was first tasked with an examination of the compatibility of Opinion 1/17 with the previous case law of the Court of Justice. I explored whether the ICS mechanism was consistent with the established concept of the autonomy of EU law. In doing so, I have argued that Opinion 1/17 constitutes a departure from settled case-law. I also argued that the Court of Justice could have considered the ICS mechanism incompatible with the autonomy of EU law if it did not take into account the political weight and economic impact of its decision. |
Sekundarne ključne besede: |
international agreements between the EU and third countries;foreign commercial policy;investor protection;ISDS;autonomy of EU law;fundamental rights; |
Vrsta dela (COBISS): |
Magistrsko delo/naloga |
Komentar na gradivo: |
Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak. |
Strani: |
VI, 130 f. |
ID: |
11223068 |