Materiali in pripomočki pri urah grafike

magistrsko delo

Anja Škulj (Avtor), Črtomir Frelih (Mentor)

Povzetek

Grafika predstavlja del likovne umetnosti, ki v procesu oblikovanja zahteva uporabo naslednjih pripomočkov in materialov: papirja, matrice oziroma tiskarske plošče, grafične barve in tiskarske stiskalnice. Katero vrsto navedenih pripomočkov in materialov bomo pri ustvarjanju uporabili, je odvisno od tega, katero grafično tehniko želimo izvesti. V širšem smislu razlikujemo med visokim, globokim in ploskim tiskom ter sitotiskom. Znotraj vsake vrste prepoznamo različne grafične tehnike, med katere spadajo na primer linorez, tisk s pečatniki, tisk s šablono, kolagrafija, kolažni tisk, kartonski tisk, tisk z naravnimi materiali, suha igla, monotipija, litografija itd. Grafika, področje likovne umetnosti, je umeščena tudi v učni načrt predmeta Likovne umetnosti slovenskih osnovnih šol. Izvajanje likovnih nalog poteka v za to namenjeni likovni učilnici, ki mora biti zgrajena oziroma oblikovana po kriterijih pristojnega ministrstva. Omenjene naloge pa se izvajajo v skladu z učnim načrtom, ki podaja zahtevane učne cilje. Namen magistrskega dela je ugotoviti, ali so slovenske osnovne šole primerno opremljene za izvajanje grafičnih tehnik v sklopu pouka likovne umetnosti. Prav tako bomo ugotavljali, ali so učencem in učiteljem na voljo vsi potrebni materiali in pripomočki za kakovostno izvedbo učne ure. Zastavljena raziskovalna vprašanja so bila naslednja: Ali ima vsaka šola poseben prostor oziroma učilnico za izvajanje pouka likovne umetnosti? Ali so likovne učilnice primerno opremljene za kvalitetno izvedbo grafike? Ali imajo šole na voljo material in pripomočke za izvajanje vseh grafičnih tehnik? Ali so vse učilnice opremljene s tiskarsko stiskalnico? Ali imajo slovenske šole dobre pogoje za kakovostno izvajanje pouka grafike? Omejili smo se na tehnične pogoje za izvajanje grafičnih nalog. V namen raziskave smo uporabili kvantitativno metodo raziskovanja, uporabljen merski instrument je bil anketni vprašalnik. Vzorec je predstavljajo 109 učiteljev likovne umetnosti v slovenskih osnovnih šolah, od tega je bilo 77 % žensk. Njihova povprečna delovna doba je znašala 22,7 let. Rezultati izvedenega anketnega vprašalnika izkazujejo dejstvo, da imajo skorajda vse slovenske osnovne šole na voljo likovno učilnico, dobri dve tretjini le teh sta primerno opremljeni. Vendar pomanjkanje opreme nima tako velikega vpliva na delo in ne predstavlja večjih težav. Več kot štiri petine učiteljev ima na razpolago potrebne materiale in pripomočke. Pet najbolj priljubljenih grafičnih tehnik, ki jih izvajajo v osnovnih šolah, so: linorez, monotipija, kolagrafija, kartonski tisk in barvni linorez. Ugotovitve kažejo, da je izvedba grafike v osnovnih šolah otežena predvsem zaradi prevelikega števila učencev in zaradi dejstva, da je postopek tiskanja časovno zamuden in posledično šolska ura ne nudi dovolj časa. V magistrskem delu smo se osredotočili predvsem na tehnične in deloma didaktične vidike umetniške grafike. Področja usvajanja specifičnih kompetenc, posebnih oblikovalnih strategij, likovnih vsebin, družbenega vidika reproduktivnosti v času novih medijev in drugih zanimivih vidikov grafike tu nismo mogli vključevati, kar ostaja izziv za naslednje raziskave.

Ključne besede

visoki tisk;globoki tisk;ploski tisk;likovna učilnica;pouk likovne umetnosti;osnovna šola;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2019
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UL PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
Založnik:	[A. Škulj]
UDK:	763:373.3(043.2)
COBISS:	12599881
Št. ogledov:	522
Št. prenosov:	78
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Materials and technical accessories for printmaking
Sekundarni povzetek:	Printmaking represent a part of the visual arts that in the design process requires the use of the following accessories and materials: paper, stencils or printing plates, graphic colors and printing presses. Which type of accessories and materials we will use to create this depends on the graphic technique we want to implement. In a broad sense, the distinction is made between relief, intaglio, planographic and screen printing. Within each type, we recognize different graphic techniques, such as linocut, stamp printing, stencil printing, collagraphy, collage printing, cardboard printing, natural materials printing, dry needle, monotype, lithography, etc. Graphics or printmaking, the field of fine arts, is also included in the curriculum of the subject Fine Arts of Slovenian Primary Schools. Performing of art tasks is carried out in a dedicated art classroom, which must be constructed or designed according to the criteria of the competent ministry. These tasks, however, are carried out in accordance with the curriculum, which sets out the required learning objectives. The purpose of the master's thesis is to determine whether Slovenian elementary schools are adequately equipped for the implementation of graphic techniques within the teaching of fine arts. We will also determine whether students and teachers are provided with all the necessary materials and supplies for the quality of the art lesson. The goals of the research were as follows: Does each school have a separate space or classroom for performing fine arts lessons? Are art classrooms properly equipped for quality graphics? Do the schools have the materials and facilities available to implement all the graphic techniques? Are all classrooms equipped with a printing press? Do Slovenian schools have good conditions for quality teaching of graphics? We limited ourselves to the technical conditions for performing graphic tasks. For the purpose of the research we used a quantitative research method, and the measuring instrument used is a questionnaire. The sample is represented by 109 fine arts teachers in Slovenian elementary schools, of which 77% were women. Their average working time is 22.7 years. The results of the conducted questionnaire reflect the fact that almost all Slovenian elementary schools have a fine arts classroom, and more than two thirds of them are adequately equipped. However, the lack of equipment does not have such a great impact on the work and does not pose major problems. More than four-fifths of teachers have the necessary materials and supplies at their disposal. The five most popular graphic techniques used in elementary schools are linocut, monotype, collagraphy, cardboard and colored linocut. The findings show that the implementation of graphics in elementary schools is made more difficult by the overwhelming number of pupils and the fact that the printing process is time-consuming and, consequently, the school hours do not provide enough time. In this master's thesis we focused primarily on the technical and partly didactic aspects of artistic printmaking. We could not include the areas of acquisition of specific competences, specific design strategies, fine arts content, the social aspect of reproduction in the age of new media and other interesting aspects of graphics, which remains a challenge for the next research.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	graphic arts;primary education;grafika;osnovnošolski pouk;
Vrsta datoteke:	application/pdf
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak., Poučevanje: Likovna pedagogika
Strani:	IX., 62 str.
ID:	11231184