Sekundarni povzetek: |
The main goal of each organization is to maximize profits, i.e. to sell a product/service at the lowest possible price with the lowest possible cost. Organizations need to make the right decisions to achieve this. To solve complex problems, such as purchase of a property, plant, and equipment (PPE) in organizations, one can use multi-criteria decision making using methods to help them identify the problem itself. Thus, organizations can correctly identify, which criteria are more important than others are, without affecting the decision subjectively.
Part of the final paper project presents multi-criteria decision making in theory as well as practice. A practical example, this was considered for procurement of PPE in organization X. The organization received three different offers based on enquiries. There was a problem of which supplier is the most favourable and, at the same time, offers quality PPE. In order to identify the problem, we used the W technique in a part of the final paper project, with the help of which we questioned several different departments in organization X, and sought further solutions and a precise definition of the problem posed together. We have found that from an organizational perspective, net purchase price is the most important criterion. With the help of multi-criteria decision-making, we measured the values of the alternatives by attributes and determined the importance of the criteria by quantitative methods, which we also theoretically presented. A practical example used value functions, direct data entry, the SMART method, and the SWING method. We measured the values of alternatives by attributes, using value functions and direct input. The SWING method determined importance of the criteria with respect to the main objective, while the SMART method determined importance of the sub criteria. We found out which supplier is the most favourable for organization X through the analysis of the Web-HIPRE computer program.
We have also theoretically introduced the procurement and the process of PPE. We have presented different ways of managing the purchasing function, which are centralized, decentralized, or combined management. Procurement of PPE is carried out through the procurement process. The stages of the procurement process are enquiry, ordering, and acceptance of PPE. PPE must be accounted for, which was theoretically and practically presented. Based on the choice of the supplier and the given offer, procurement of PPE and its depreciation was bookkept. A received invoice for the acquisition of PPE is accounted for as a liability to the supplier, except in the case of an advance, when it is treated as a claim towards the supplier. When PPE becomes operational, it must be depreciated based on the depreciation rate, defined in practical part of the paper at 10% in case of Organization X. To finish with, all documents are archived in paper and electronic form. |