Organiziran kriminal - razlika med mafijo in tolpo

diplomsko delo visokošolskega študijskega programa Varnost in policijsko delo

Miran Perišin (Avtor), Bojan Dobovšek (Mentor)

Povzetek

Razlikovanje mafije in tolpe je potrebno, saj se razlikuje njun način pregona in zahteva drugačni pristop, tako s strani organov pregona kot s strani zakonodajalca. Za izhodišče pri primerjavi med mafijo in tolpo nam je služila klasična oblika mafije N’drangheta, katere organizacija in delovanje pokažeta ključne elemente razlikovanja med preučevanimi kriminalnimi združbami. Organiziran kriminal v obliki mafije, ki je po svojem ustroju tradicionalni koncept, vpet v kulturne spone okolja v katerem raste, je mogoče in potrebno razlikovati od organiziranega kriminala v obliki tolp, ki ima že v osnovi drugačno izhodišče. Mafijski kriminal predstavlja navezanost na tradicionalno. Za mafijo je poleg tradicije in običajev značilna etnična pripadnost, hierarhija, ki se razvije okrog osnovne celice – družine in delovanje iz ozadja. Mafijci so v konfliktu z državo samo do stopnje, kjer se slednja vpleta v njihov posel. Običajno nimajo konflikta s kulturno sredino in se, vsaj navidezno, v celoti asimilirajo. Biti član mafije pomeni predvsem imeti ugled in čast, saj se imajo za »častitljive ljudi«. Z akumulacijo kapitala jim je postal ekonomski posel prioriteta, v ta namen so se zaključevali tudi krvavi spopadi in zaključila krvna maščevanja ter omogočilo širjenje posla v mednarodne vode ter poseganje v politične sfere družbe. Sposobnost poslovnega sodelovanja je te mafijske združbe dvignil na nivo sposobnosti poslovanja neke države. Tolpe po drugi strani, nastajajo zaradi kulturnih in družbenih konfliktov po večini na rob izrinjene imigrantske manjšine. Nosilci te oblike kriminala so po pravilu mladostniški prestopniki. Ekonomski razlog za tolpe ni primarnega pomena, najpomembnejša je akumulacija moči, pripadnosti, okrepitev identitete. Tudi, ko tolpe prerastejo v kompleksnejšo obliko organiziranega kriminala, praviloma ne spreminjajo ne vedenja ne področja delovanja. Tolpa nima hierarhične oblike, zanjo ni značilna pripadnost, pogosto so v medsebojnem konfliktu. Delujejo neracionalno, pretirano nasilno, nasilje je njihov način delovanja, izplen kriminalnih dejanj je namenjen nakupu luksuznih dobrin in nastopaštvu, saj želijo biti prepoznavni s strani javnosti.

Ključne besede

diplomske naloge;organiziran kriminal;mafija;tolpa;N'drangheta;imigranti;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2019
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	[M. Perišin]
UDK:	343.341(043.2)
COBISS:	3770090
Št. ogledov:	844
Št. prenosov:	125
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Organised crime - distinction between mafia and gang
Sekundarni povzetek:	The distinction between the mafia and the gang is necessary, as their prosecution also differs, and requires a different approach, both by the law enforcement authorities and by the legislator. The starting point for comparing the mafia and gang was the N'dranghetha, whose organization and operation show the key elements of the distinction between the criminal groups studied. Organized crime in the form of a mafia, which is by its very nature a traditional concept embedded in the cultural lines of an environment in which it grows, can and must be distinguished from an organized crime in the form of a gang. Mafia crime represents attachment to the traditional. In addition to tradition and customs, the mafia is characterized by ethnicity, a hierarchy that develops around the basic cell - the family and the operation from the background. Mafia is in a conflict with the state only to the extent that state is involved in their business. Mafia usually does not have a conflict with the cultural environment and, at least seemingly, completely assimilate within. Being a member of the mafia means, above all, to have a reputation and an honor, as themselves believe they are "honest people." By accumulating capital, the economic business became a priority, for this purpose, bloody conflicts and retaliation ended, and it enabled the spread of business into international waters and interference with the political spheres of society. The ability of business cooperation has elevated mafia groups to the level of a country. Gangs, on the other hand, arise from cultural and social conflicts, mostly on the margins of the displaced immigrant minority. The perpetrators of this form of crime are, as a rule, juvenile offenders. The economic reason for the gangs is not of primary importance, the most important being the accumulation of power, belonging, and the strengthening of identity. As well, when gangs turn into a more complex form of an organized crime, they usually do not change their behavior or field of activity. Gang does not have a hierarchical form, it is not characterized by affiliation, they are often in conflict between themselves. They act irrational, excessively violent, violence is their mode of operation, the recovery of their criminal acts is intended for the purchase of luxury goods and performances, since they want to be recognizable by the public.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	organized crime;mafia;gangster;N'drangheta;immigrants;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani:	VII, 61 str.
ID:	11237256