Stališča mladih do zaščite žvižgačev v Sloveniji

diplomsko delo visokošolskega študijskega programa Varnost in policijsko delo

Pija Smukovič (Avtor), David Smolej (Mentor)

Povzetek

Definicije žvižgačev po svetu se razlikujejo, vendar je vsem skupno, da so to osebe, ki prijavljajo korupcijo, ker želijo ohraniti čisto družbo. V Sloveniji nimamo sprejetega samostojnega zakona o zaščiti žvižgačev. Zaščita je razdrobljena v področnih zakonih, med katerimi izstopa Zakon o integriteti in prijavljanju korupcije, ki zaščiti žvižgačev namenja največ pozornosti. Nevladna organizacija Transparency International nas uvršča med države z najbolj urejeno zakonodajo na področju žvižgaštva, vendar kljub temu ni vidnega napredka na Indeksu zaznave korupcije. Žvižgači so velikokrat deležni povračilnih ukrepov zaradi prijave, zato se jih veliko za prijavo ne odloči. Povračilni ukrepi se lahko kažejo v izključitvi iz družbe, zmerjanju, premestitvi na drugo delovno mesto, stopnjujejo pa se lahko do te mere, da je prijavitelj odpuščen. Za boljšo prihodnost je pomembno, da v procese izboljšanja stanja vključimo tudi mlade. V Sloveniji največ prijav korupcije prejme Komisija za preprečevanje korupcije, prijavo pa lahko oddamo tudi Policiji ali preko nevladne organizacije Transparency International in spletnega portala Žvižgač. V anketnem vprašalniku smo preverjali stališča mladih Slovencev o trenutni zakonodaji o zaščiti žvižgačev in prišli do rezultatov, da bi mladi prijavili korupcijo brez strahu pred povračilnimi ukrepi, vendar so mnenja, da zakonska zaščita ni učinkovita. V letu 2019 je bila sprejeta Direktiva o zaščiti oseb, ki prijavijo kršitve unije, ki je poenotila načine prijave in zaščito žvižgačev za države članice Evropske unije. Zaradi pomembnosti omenjene direktive smo v anketnem vprašalniku ugotavljali, ali so mladi v Sloveniji z njo seznanjeni, in prišli do rezultatov, da je z njo seznanjenih 17 % anketirancev. V ZDA je uveljavljen program za nagrajevanje žvižgačev, ki ga vodi Komisija za vrednostne papirje in borze. Omenjeni program beleži porast števila prijav od njegove ustanovitve, zato nas je zanimalo, ali bi se zaradi denarne nagrade mladi Slovenci lažje odločili za prijavo korupcije. Rezultati so pokazali, da denarna nagrada ne bi vplivala na odločitev o prijavi korupcije, vendar so anketirance mnenja, da bi se delež prijav v primeru denarnih nagrad povečal.

Ključne besede

diplomske naloge;žvižgači;zaščita;mladi;Slovenija;nagrade;korupcija;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2020
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	[P. Smukovič]
UDK:	343.352(497.4)(043.2)
COBISS:	27411459
Št. ogledov:	292
Št. prenosov:	76
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	A youth view to whistleblowers protection in slovenia
Sekundarni povzetek:	The definitions of a whistleblower differ around the world, but what they all have in common is that they are persons who report corruption with the intent of keeping the society clean. In Slovenia, there is no independent law adopted for the protection of whistleblowers. The protection itself is fragmented in sectoral laws, but it is most notable in the Integrity and Reporting of Corruption Act, which pays the most attention to whistleblowers protection. The non-governmental organization Transparency International ranks us among the countries with the most regulated whistleblowing legislation, but there is still no visible progress on the Corruption Perceptions Index. Whistleblowers often receive retaliation for reporting, so many choose not to report such incidents. Retaliation may take the form of exclusion from the society, insults, transfer to another job, and may escalate to the point that the person in question is fired or dismissed. For a better future, it is important to involve young people in the process of improving the situation. In Slovenia, most corruption reports are received by the Commission for the Prevention of Corruption, but the reports can also be submitted to the Police or through the non-governmental organization Transparency International and the Žvižgač web portal. According to the survey, on which we checked the stance of young Slovenes on the current legislation on the protection of whistleblowers, young people would report corruption without fear of retaliation, but they are of the opinion that legal protection is ineffective. In 2019, the Directive on the Protection of Persons who report breaches of Union law was adopted, which harmonized the methods of reporting and the protection of whistleblowers for the Member States of the European Union. Due to the importance of the mentioned directive, we determined in the survey questionnaire whether young people in Slovenia are familiar with it and came to the conclusion that 17% of respondents are. In the US, there is an established whistleblower reward program run by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The mentioned program has recorded an increase in the number of reports since its establishment, so we were interested in whether it would be easier for young Slovenes to decide to report corruption due to the financial prize. The results showed that the cash prize would not influence the decision to report corruption, but respondents are of the opinion that the share of reports in the case of said prizes would increase.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	whistleblowers;protection;youth;Slovenia;rewards;corruption;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani:	VI, 65 str.
ID:	12006048