Povzetek
Varroa destructor je invazivna parazitska pršica, ki čebelarstvu predstavlja resno grožnjo povsod po svetu. Na trgu obstaja veliko pripravkov za zatiranje varoje z različnimi učinkovinami, ki pa imajo številne pomanjkljivosti (zaostanek učinkovine in/ali pomožnih snovi zdravila v končnih produktih čebel, odpornost pršice). Metanojska kislina je kislina naravnega izvora, naravno prisotna v medu in je učinkovita pri zatiranju varoje. Glavna težava pri pripravi farmacevtske oblike z metanojsko kislino je njena jedkost in hlapnost (neenakomerno izhlapevanje kisline iz gela, prevelika odvisnost od pogojev okolja ). Kot primeren polimer za pripravo gela se je izkazala metilceluloza. Z metanojsko kislino tvori gel primerne viskoznosti in konsistence, žal pa se s časom viskoznost gela zniža zaradi depolimerizacije. Ob dodatku glicerola in povišanju vsebnosti metilceluloze na 10%, smo dobili gel, katerega viskoznost je bila primerna in obstojna dlje časa. Poizkus določanja hitrosti izhlapevanja kisline je pokazal, da kislina iz gela izhlapi primerno hitro, vendar v primerjavi z referenčnim gelom, ki je trenutno že na tržišču, MAQS®, še prehitro. Obseg depolimerizacije in znižanja viskoznosti je bil nižji pri gelih brez prečiščene vode in je njen delež nadomestil glicerol. Gel s koncentracijo polimera 2,5% in 50% metanojske kisline je imel primerne fizikalne lastnosti in je bil obstojen tudi po enem mesecu
opazovanja. Določitev hitrosti izhlapevanja kisline je pokazala enakomerno izhlapevanje prvi teden, nato je prišlo do vezave vode iz zraka, ki je izhlapevanje kisline upočasnilo, masa gela pa se je zvišala zaradi absorbcije v glicerol. Za razvoj bolj primernih gelov z metanojsko kislino za zatiranje varoje pri čebelah, t.j. fizikalna obstojnost in primerna kinetika odparevanja metanojske kisline, bodo potrebne še dodatne raziskave.
Ključne besede
varoja;varoza;metanojska kislina;metilceluloza;polimerizacija;medonosna čebela;
Podatki
Jezik: |
Slovenski jezik |
Leto izida: |
2018 |
Tipologija: |
2.09 - Magistrsko delo |
Organizacija: |
UL FFA - Fakulteta za farmacijo |
Založnik: |
[T. Ferjančič] |
UDK: |
66.095.2:638.12(043.3) |
COBISS: |
4651121
|
Št. ogledov: |
337 |
Št. prenosov: |
39 |
Ocena: |
0 (0 glasov) |
Metapodatki: |
|
Ostali podatki
Sekundarni jezik: |
Angleški jezik |
Sekundarni naslov: |
Development of inorganic and organic gels with formic acid for use in apiculture |
Sekundarni povzetek: |
Varroa destructor is an invasive parasitic lice, which is a serious threat to beekeeping throughout the world. There are many preparations for treating Varroa destructor on the market with various ingredients, but they have many disadvantages (residue of the active substance, and / or excipients in the final products of the bees, increased resistance of mites). Methanoic acid is an acid of natural origin naturally present in honey and is effective in controlling Varroa destructor. The main difficulty in preparing the pharmaceutical form with methanoic acid is its corrosiveness and high volatility (uneven evaporation, environmental impact on evaporation). Methylcellulose has proved to be the most suitable polimer for preparing gel. With methanoic acid, the gel has a suitable viscosity and consistency, but unfortunately the viscosity of the gel decreases with time due to depolymerization. Addition of glycerol and increase of methylcellulose content to 10% yielded a gel whose viscosity was suitable andpersistent for a long time. The evaporation test showed that the acid from the gel evaporated too quickly in comparison with the gel MAQS®.
The extent of depolymerisation and reduction of viscosity was lower in the case of recipes that did not contain purified water and its share was replaced by glycerol. A gel with a polymer concentration of 2.5% and 50% methanoic acid had appropriate physical properties and remained stable even after one month of observation. Determination of the evaporation rate of the acid showed a steady evaporation in the first week, then the binding of the water from the air occured, whereby evaporation of the acid was slowed down and the mass of the gel increased due to absorbtion in glycerol. In order to develop more suitable gels with methanoic acid for the control of varroa in bees, i.e. physical stability and the appropriate methanoic acid evaporation, more research will be needed. |
Sekundarne ključne besede: |
Čebele; |
Vrsta dela (COBISS): |
Magistrsko delo/naloga |
Komentar na gradivo: |
Univ. Ljubljana, Fak. za farmacijo |
Strani: |
V, 54 f. |
ID: |
12039016 |