Svoboda ženskega telesa

zgodovina odnosa do kontracepcije in splava na Japonskem

Ajda Pristovšek Podergajs (Avtor), Luka Culiberg (Mentor)

Povzetek

Na Japonskem večina ljudi uporablja kondom kot glavno metodo kontracepcije. Razlogi za to so v razvoju kontracepcije in splava v japonski zgodovini. Japonska je imela v primerjavi z drugimi državami zelo posebno zgodovino reproduktivnih pravic zaradi svojega razmeroma liberalnega odnosa do splava. Leta 1868 so splav prvič prepovedali; leta 1948 so ga uradno legalizirali. Legalizacija splava na Japonskem je bila vedno povezana z demografskim stanjem in politiko. V času prenaseljenosti je bil dovoljen, včasih celo obvezen za evgenično "nezaželene ljudi"; v časih z nizko rodnostjo je bil prepovedan. Žensko telo je bilo uporabljeno za zagotavljanje močne vojske v času pred drugo svetovno vojno. Feministična gibanja se tako v primerjavi z zahodnimi gibanji niso mogla boriti za pravico do splava, a so se vse od legalizacije morala boriti za zaščito te pravice, saj je veliko skupin splav želelo spet kriminalizirati. Prav tako so ženska in feministična gibanja morala povezati lastno identiteto ženske kot matere ter podpiranje pravice do kontracepcije in splava. V primerjavi s politiko splava je bila politika kontracepcije precej strožja. Kontracepcijo in kontracepcijska gibanja so podpirali takrat, ko so se njihovi cilji ujemali s cilji vlade, ko pa so temu nasprotovali, so jih preganjali. Boj za legalizacijo novih kontracepcijskih metod je trajal vse do leta 1999, ko je bila oralna kontracepcijska tabletka končno legalizirana, več kot 30 let pozneje kot v drugih državah.

Ključne besede

kontracepcija;splav;reproduktivne pravice;Japonska;feminizem;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2020
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UL FF - Filozofska fakulteta
Založnik:	[A. Pristovšek Podergajs]
UDK:	3
COBISS:	49481219
Št. ogledov:	451
Št. prenosov:	130
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	The freedom of a woman's body
Sekundarni povzetek:	Japan is very unique in its history of reproductive rights compared to other countries. Abortion was legalized relatively early in 1948 and yet, the oral contraceptive tablet became legal as late as in 1999. Japanese abortion policy is relatively liberal while its contraceptive policy is very conservative. Not to say that the right to abortion has faced repeated attacks and calls for criminalization. Throughout Japanese history, the right to abortion was dependent on the current demographic policy. In the time of overpopulation, abortion was allowed and contraception was promoted. In stark contrast, there were times with low population or with military expansion ambitions where abortion was criminalized in favor of women giving birth to as many soldiers as possible. Thus, women's bodies were commodified for the prosperity of the nation. Since reproductive rights were determined by the demographic climate and not by the government's acceptance of women's rights as human rights, the right to abortion was always at the threat of being banned. In contrast with western feminists, Japanese feminists did not have to fight as hard to legalize abortion. However, they did have to fight to keep it. They also had to reconnect the ideology of motherhood that they did not deny with the advocacy for abortion. While western feminists attained the oral contraceptive pill relatively early, Japanese feminists had to advocate and fight for it almost 30 years before the pill was finally legalized in Japan.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	contraception;abortion;reproductive rights;Japan;feminism;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Študijski program:	0
Konec prepovedi (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Filozofska fak., Oddelek za azijske študije
Strani:	34 str.
ID:	12042938