Kazenskopravne dileme samovozečih vozil

magistrsko delo

Povzetek

V magistrskem delu smo pisali o zapletenem vprašanju, kdo nosi kazensko odgovornost v primeru, da je v prometno nesrečo udeleženo samovozeče vozilo. Najprej smo analizirali kaj umetna inteligenca sploh je in nadaljevali z uporabo umetne inteligence v pravu in v samovozečih vozilih. Vsekakor bodo samovozeča vozila prinesla tako veliko prednosti kot tudi nekaj slabosti. Zagotovo bodo največje prednosti to, da samovozeče vozilo nikoli ne bo vozilo pod vplivom alkohola, drog, zdravil, nikoli ne bo utrujeno kot tudi ne zaspano za volanom. Mobilnost bomo lahko omogočili starostnikom, slepim, opitim, bolnim in otrokom. Dejstvo je, da ljudje povzročimo največ prometnih nesreč na cestah. Vsekakor pa ne smemo prezreti tudi to, da ima lahko vsak računalniški sistem napake, zato se bodo nesreče, kljub samovozečim vozilom še vedno zgodile. V slovenski kazenskopravni zakonodaji je lahko le človek storilec kaznivega dejanja. Izjema od tega pravila pa je, da lahko kazensko odgovarja tudi pravna oseba. Z natančno analizo smo analizirali, da po današnji kazenskopravni zakonodaji, umetne entitete kot sta umetna inteligenca in samovozeča vozila, ne morejo biti storilci kaznivega dejanja. Volja in zavedanje sta pomembna člena, da lahko osebi naložimo kazensko odgovornost. Menimo, da umetna inteligenca na trenutni stopnji še nima v oblasti svojih gibov, vedenja in ravnanj. Kazensko pravo ima ukoreninjen sistem kazenske odgovornosti in kdo je lahko storilec kaznivega dejanja. Storilec kaznivega dejanja mora tudi razumeti koncept družbenih pravil in odgovornosti. Slovensko kazensko pravo tudi nima ustreznih sankcij po katerih bi lahko robotom naložila kazenskopravno sankcijo. Roboti na trenutni stopnji zagotovo ne bi razumeli generalne in specialne prevencije. Dandanes lahko na slovenskih cestah že zasledimo 2. in 3. stopnje avtonomnih vozil. Zelo pomembno je, da se vozniki teh avtomobilov zavedajo, da so v primeru prometne nesreče še vedno oni kazensko odgovorni. Zato je zelo pomembno, da pozorno spremljajo vožnjo in prevzamejo nadzor nad vozilom. V prihodnosti se bodo zagotovo tudi na slovenskih cestah pojavila samovozeča vozila 5. stopnje, ki bodo vozila popolnoma neodvisno od človeka. Na tej stopnji je zaželeno, da prevzame proizvajalec avtomobila kazensko odgovornost v primeru prometnih nesreč.

Ključne besede

umetna inteligenca;umetna inteligenca in pravo;samovozeča vozila;kazenska odgovornost samovozečih vozil;vprašanje voljnosti umetne inteligence;kibernetski kriminal;hekerstvo;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2020
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik:	L. Aleš]
UDK:	343.346.2:004.89(043.3)
COBISS:	33514755
Št. ogledov:	855
Št. prenosov:	230
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
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Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Criminal legal dilemmas of self-driving vehicles
Sekundarni povzetek:	This master thesis covers the complex issue of who bears the criminal liability in the event a car accident is caused by a self-driving car. It first analyses the notion of artificial intelligence and continues with the use of artificial intelligence in law and in self-driving cars. In any case, self-driving cars will bring about many advantages but also some disadvantages. The most important advantages will include the fact that a self-driving car will never be under the influence of alcohol or drugs, it will never be tired or sleepy behind the wheel. It will improve the mobility of seniors, blind people, drunk people, sick people and children. It is a fact that people cause the most traffic accidents on the roads. Nevertheless, we must not overlook the fact that every computer system can have errors, which is why there will still be accidents, in spite of self-driving cars. According to the Slovenian criminal law, only a human being can be a perpetrator of a criminal offence. There is one exception to this rule, namely, that a legal entity can also bear criminal liability. A detailed analysis has shown that according to today's criminal law, artificial entities such as artificial intelligence and self-driving cars cannot be considered perpetrators of a criminal offence. Will and awareness are important factors based on which criminal liability can be imposed on a person. We believe that at the current level of development, artificial intelligence does not yet have control over its movement, behaviour and conduct. Criminal law has a deep-rooted system of criminal liability and stipulates who can be a perpetrator of a criminal offence. A perpetrator of a criminal offence must understand the concept of social rules and responsibilities. The Slovenian criminal law does not stipulate appropriate sanctions according to which robots could be imposed a sanction under the criminal law. At the current level of developments, robots are unable to understand general and special prevention. At present, one can see level 2 and level 3 autonomous cars on the Slovenian roads. It is very important that the drivers of such cars are aware that it is still they who bear criminal liability in the event of a car accident. It is therefore very important that they concentrate fully on driving and take control over the car. In the future, there will also be level 5 self-driving cars on the Slovenian roads, which will be driving fully independently of the human being. At that level, it is desired that the car manufacturer assumes criminal liability in the event of car accidents.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	artificial intelligence;artificial intelligence and law;self-driving cars;criminal liability of self-driving cars;issue of willingness of artificial intelligence;cyber crime;hacking;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo/naloga
Strani:	70 f.
ID:	12044171