magistrska naloga
Povzetek
Blaga hiperfenilalaninemija (HFA) je avtosomno recesivno podedovana bolezen, ki
nastane kot posledica prirojene motnje v hidroksilaciji fenilalanina (Phe) zaradi
znižane aktivnosti encima fenilalanin-hidroksilaze. Posledično pride do motenj pri
presnovi fenilalanina v tirozin, kar privede do povišanih vrednosti fenilalanina v
krvi. Blaga HFA ima enako genetsko osnovo kot fenilketonurija (PKU), vendar gre v
primeru blage HFA za dosti milejšo obliko bolezni z zmerno do blago povišanimi
vrednostmi Phe v krvi. Vzročnega zdravljenja bolezni ne poznamo. Pri hujših oblikah
bolezni, oziroma pri močno povišanih vrednostih Phe, je potrebna čim hitrejša
uvedba dietnega zdravljenja z omejitvijo vnosa Phe. Zato je ključnega pomena
presejalno testiranje novorojencev na PKU, ki se v Sloveniji izvaja od leta 1979.
Namen magistrske naloge je bila opredelitev povezave med koncentracijo Phe pri
preiskovancih z blago HFA in genotipom gena za fenilalan-hidroksilazo (PAH). V
analizo je bilo vključenih 97 preiskovancev z blago HFA, ki so imeli koncentracijo
Phe višjo od 200 μmol/L. Opredelili smo nabor 22 genetskih sprememb na skupno
194 neodvisnih alelih. Po dve genetski spremembi sta bili prisotni pri 21
preiskovancih, po ena sprememba pri 39 preiskovancih, pri preostalih preiskovancih
nismo opredelili sprememb. Najpogosteje je bila zastopana genetska sprememba
p.R408W v eksonu 12. Druge pogostejše genetske spremembe so bile p.A403V,
p.R158Q, p.A300S in p.E390G. Pri 21 bolnikih, ki so imeli po dve spremembi, smo
opredelili 19 različnih genotipov. Pri tem sta se ponavljali dve kombinaciji genotipa,
in sicer: p.A403V v kombinaciji s p.D415N in p.A403V v kombinaciji s p.Phe55fs.
Opredelili smo tudi dve novi, še neopisani spremembi (p.W326X in p.V45I).
Primerjava nabora opredeljenih genetskih sprememb pri bolnikih s HFA, s
spremembami predhodno opredeljenimi pri slovenskih bolnikih s PKU, je
pričakovano pokazala razlike v naboru in frekvenci sprememb. Najpomembnejša
razlika med skupinama je, da v skupini z blago HFA nismo določili nobene genetske
spremembe v homozigotni obliki. Povprečna vrednost fenilalanina preiskovancev z
blago HFA, ki niso imeli opredeljene vzročne spremembe v genu PAH, je bila 129
μmol/L, preiskovancev z eno vzročno spremembo 157 μmol/L in preiskovancev z
dvema vzročnima spremembama 300 μmol/L. Dokazali smo statistično značilno
povezavo med genotipom in presnovnim fenotipom bolnikov z blago HFA.
Ključne besede
hiperfenilalaninemija;fenilketonurija;značilnosti bolezni;fenotipske značilnosti;zdravljenje bolezni;nabor genotipov;
Podatki
Jezik: |
Slovenski jezik |
Leto izida: |
2016 |
Izvor: |
Ljubljana |
Tipologija: |
2.09 - Magistrsko delo |
Organizacija: |
UL FFA - Fakulteta za farmacijo |
Založnik: |
[V. Matuc] |
UDK: |
615.2:612.015.3(043.3) |
COBISS: |
4149105
|
Št. ogledov: |
384 |
Št. prenosov: |
90 |
Ocena: |
0 (0 glasov) |
Metapodatki: |
|
Ostali podatki
Sekundarni jezik: |
Angleški jezik |
Sekundarni naslov: |
Analysis of phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in patients with hyperphenylalaninemia |
Sekundarni povzetek: |
Mild hyperphenylalaninaemia (HPA) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease that
occurs as a consequence of an inborn aberration of hydroxylation of phenylalanine
due to deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase. Consequently, a disturbance in the
metabolism of phenylalanine to tyrosine results in elevated blood levels of
phenylalanine (Phe). Mild HPA has the same etiology as phenylketonuria (PKU), but
in the case of mild HPA the disease presents itself in milder form with moderately to
mildly elevated blood levels of Phe. There is no causal treatment of the disease. In the
case of severe forms of the disease or heavily increased Phe levels, introduction of
dietary treatment limiting the Phe intake is necessary. Newborn screening of PKU in
Slovenia was implemented in 1979. The aim of this master's thesis was to evaluate
the link between Phe concentrations in patients with mild HPA and the genotype of
the PAH gene. The analysis was carried out on 97 patients with mild HPA who had
the Phe concentration higher than 200 μmol/L. We have detected 22 genetic variants
on 194 independent alleles. Two variants per individual were detected in 21 patients,
one per individual in 39 patients while there were no variants in the remaining ones.
The genetic variant p.R408W in exon 12 was the most frequent variant detected in
this study. Other frequent variants were p.A403V, p.R158Q, p.A300S and p.E390G.
Among 21 patients with two variants, 19 different genotypes were identified, where
two combinations were more common, namely: p.A403V in combination with
p.D415N and p.A403V in combination with p.Phe55fs. We have also identified two
novel previously unidentified variants (p.W326X and p.V45I). We compared defined
set of genetic variants in patients with HPA to genetic variants previously identified
among Slovenian PKU patients who, as expected, showed differences in spectrum
and frequency. The most important difference was that there were no causal genetic
variants in homozygous form present in the mild HPA group. The average value of
phenylalanine in subjects with mild HPA and without any causal genetic variant in
the PAH gene was 129 μmol/L, among subjects with one identified causal variant 157
μmol/L and among subjects with two identified causal variants 300 μmol/L. We
demonstrated statistically significant association between genotype and metabolic
phenotype of patients with mild HPA. |
Vrsta dela (COBISS): |
Magistrsko delo/naloga |
Komentar na gradivo: |
Univ. Ljubljana, Fakulteta za farmacijo |
Strani: |
IV, 54 f. |
ID: |
12048523 |