Sekundarni povzetek: |
The master's thesis deals with the life of Otto von Bismarck. As the son of a humble father and a bourgeois mother whose ancestors left their mark on history, Bismarck also endeavored to leave his mark on the path of history. Otto Leopold Eduard von Bismarck was born on April 1, 1815 in Schönehausen. Bismarck had a rather difficult childhood. Otto always loved his father Ferdinand more than his mother Wihelmina, who enrolled him in the best high school Graue Kloster in Berlin. After graduating from high school, Wilhelmina's mother sent him to the Kingdom of Hanover, where he attended the University of Göttingen. In May 1835 he passed the final examination, after which he qualified for civil service in Prussia. In 1851 he became a deputy in the Prussian Provincial Assembly, in 1859 a Prussian ambassador in St. Petersburg, and in 1862 in Paris. In the same year he became Chancellor of Prussia. From then on, he sought to unite Germany under the leadership of Prussia and then to strengthen and expand the German Empire. Initially, he radically reorganized and modernized the Prussian armed forces. In 1864, together with Austria, he invaded Denmark and Schleswig to Prussia. In 1866 he defeated Austria and connected under his umbrella the northern German states to Prussia and founded the North German Confederation. In 1870 he provoked the Franco-Prussian War and after the victory connected the southern German states. On January 18, 1871, Germany was proclaimed emperor in Versailles and King William I of Prussia was proclaimed emperor. Within the empire, some monarchs retained the principal rights of sovereigns in the union. In 1873 he concluded an alliance of three emperors (with Austria-Hungary and Russia) and in this way wanted to isolate France. Russia soon withdrew from the alliance, so in 1882 he established a similar alliance with Italy and Austria-Hungary. In 1885 Prussia under his leadership gained several African colonies and concluded a security pact with Russia. In domestic politics he relied on the Junkers (land nobility in Prussia) and the big capitalists; he sought to establish and consolidate Prussian militaristic absolutism. With the Catholic Church in the German south he became entangled in t. i. Kultur Kampf. He also fought against the actions of the Socialists and against political freedoms; to this end, in 1878 he issued the "Exceptional Law," which forbade the activities of the Social Democrats. In 1890 he resigned after a quarrel with Emperor William II. He died July 30, 1898, in Friedrichsruh, German Empire. |