Maligne bolezni otrok

(diplomsko delo)

Sonja Kerin Kos (Avtor), Jadranka Stričević (Mentor), Janez Jazbec (Komentor)

Povzetek

IZVLEČEK V diplomski nalogi najprej celoviteje predstavimo ključne epidemiološke podatke, nato pa biološke osnove raka pri otrocih. Ugotavljamo, da so razlogi za nastanek malignega obolenja predvsem genetski dejavniki. Nadaljujemo s prikazom klasifikacije raka pri otrocih in mladostnikih - 12 klasifikacijskih skupin, ki pa se določajo na podlagi histološke slike. Nato podrobneje opisujemo znake in simptome zlasti pogostih vrst otroškega raka. Njihovo poznavanje je izjemnega pomena za pravočasno diagnostiko in učinkovito terapijo, pri čemer ugotavljamo, da lahko že zdravnik v osnovni zdravstveni dejavnosti z osnovnimi diagnostičnimi postopki posumi na maligno bolezen in takšnega otroka pravočasno napoti v onkološki center. V osrednjem delu podrobneje predstavljamo vse maligne bolezni v pediatriji, in sicer zlasti njihov nastanek, potek in zdravljenje. Sledi opis terapije in stranskih učinkov zdravljenja malignih bolezni pri otrocih, pri čemer so še vedno najpomembnejši terapevtski posegi: kirurško zdravljenje, kemoterapija in obsevanje. Stranski učinki so neizogibni del zdravljenja, zato si pomagamo s podporno terapijo. V nadaljevanju predstavljamo zdravstveno nego otrok z malignimi boleznimi, pri čemer ugotavljamo, da mora medicinska sestra obvladovati zlasti naslednje postopke in stanja: čistoča in nega telesa, preprečevanje in oskrba infekcij, urgentna onkološka stanja, primanjkljaj sestavine krvi, lajšanje bolečine, ustrezna prehrana otrok z malignimi boleznimi in družinsko usmerjena psihosocialna oskrba. Na koncu zdravstveno nego otrok z malignim obolenjem primerjamo z konceptualnim modelom Virginije Henderson. Teoretičen del diplomske naloge zaključujemo s kratkim opisom dolgoročnih posledic otrok z malignimi boleznimi. V empiričnem delu diplomske naloge predstavimo namen raziskave, analizo izpolnjenih 16 anketnih vprašalnikov medicinskih sester in zdravstvenih tehnikov v Službi za hematologijo in onkologijo na Pediatrični kliniki v UKC Ljubljana, in sicer, da je potrebno v tej službi sistematičneje izvajati vse oblike zlasti formalnega in tudi neformalnega izobraževanja zaradi hitrega razvoja novosti v pediatrični onkologiji. Postavili smo 3 raziskovalna vprašanja, podrobneje predstavili rezultate analize odgovorov na vseh 18 vprašanj iz 16 anketnih vprašalnikov ter na tej podlagi potrdili vsa 3 zastavljena raziskovalna vprašanja. V razpravi smo med drugim ugotovili, da ne dovolj sistematično razvit pristop pri izvajanju dodatnega izobraževanja medicinskih sester in zdravstvenih tehnikov v zgoraj navedeni službi preusmerja prenos znanja iz insitucionalnih virov na druge, ne dovolj sistematično razvite in organizacijsko podprte pristope, ki so lahko prepuščeni tudi iznajdljivosti posameznih anketirancev.

Ključne besede

maligne bolezni;otroci;zdravljenje;zdravstvena nega;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2009
Izvor:	Maribor
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FZV - Fakulteta za zdravstvene vede
Založnik:	[S. Kerin Kos]
UDK:	616-006-053.2
COBISS:	1449892
Št. ogledov:	5122
Št. prenosov:	751
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	MALIGNANT DISEASE OF CHILDREN
Sekundarni povzetek:	ABSTRACT The diploma first introduces key epidemiological data and after that biological basics of cancer in children in a more integral way. According to our findings, the reasons for malignant disease formation are mostly genetic factors. This is then followed by a review of cancer classification in children and adolescents – 12 classification groups that are defined on the basis of histological picture. A detailed description of signs and symptoms of particularly frequent types of children's cancer follows. The knowledge of these has an exceptional meaning for timely diagnostics and effective therapy, where it can be ascertained that the doctor can suspect a malignant disease already on the level of basic health care activities with basic diagnostic procedures, and thus direct the child to the oncology centre in time. The central part gives a detailed introduction of all malignant diseases in paediatrics, especially their formation, course and treatment. In the continuation, a description of therapy and side effects of malignant disease treatment are described, where the following therapeutic procedures still play the most important part: surgical treatment, chemotherapy and radiation. Side effects are an unavoidable part of treatment which demand help in the form of supportive therapy. In the continuation, the health care of children with malignant diseases is introduced, where it has been found that a medical nurse manages especially the following procedures and conditions: body cleanliness and care, infection prevention and treatment, urgent conditions in oncology, deficiency of blood components, pain mitigation, suitable nutrition of children with malignant diseases and family oriented psycho-social care. At the end, we compare the health care of children with malignant diseases with the conceptual model of Virginia Henderson. The theoretical part of this diploma thesis is concluded with a brief description of long-term effects on children with malignant diseases. In the empirical part of this diploma thesis, the purpose of this research and the analysis of 16 filled survey questionnaires for medical nurses and medical technicians in the department of Haematology and Oncology at the Clinics of Paediatrics in Ljubljana are introduced, showing that the mentioned Department should be more systematic in performing all forms, especially formal and also informal education, due to fast development of novelties in paediatric oncology. We raised three research questions, introduced in detail the results of the analysis of answers to all 18 questions from 16 survey questionnaires, and then on the basis of these answers confirmed all three raised research questions. Among other things the discussion also helped the team reach the conclusion that the approach to execution of additional medical nurse and health care technician education in the above mentioned service, redirects the transfer of knowledge from institutional sources to others - insufficiently systematically developed and organizationally supported approaches - which can sometimes be left to the ingenuity of individual survey participants.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	Key words: malignant disease;child;treatment;health care.;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za zdravstvene vede
Strani:	IV, 52 f., 7 f. pril.
Ključne besede (UDK):	applied sciences;medicine;technology;uporabne znanosti;medicina;tehnika;medical sciences;medicina;pathology;clinical medicine;patologija;klinična medicina;tumours;neoplasms;blastomata;choristomata;hamartomata;oncology;tumorji;neoplazme;blastomi;horistomi;hamartomi;onkologija;
ID:	12144