diplomsko delo
Povzetek
Uvod: Parkinsonova bolezen prizadene posameznike po vsem svetu. Je počasi napredujoča
nevrodegenerativna bolezen, ki jo povzroča degeneracija dopaminskih nevronov znotraj
bazalnih ganglijev. Glavna značilnost je propadanje dopaminskih nevronov v kompaktni
črni substanci, zaradi česar v možganih primanjkuje dopamina. Klinična slika
Parkinsonove bolezni je akinetično-rigidni sindrom, katerega glavni znaki so tremor,
rigidnost, bradikineza in motnje ravnotežja, vse to pa vpliva na kakovost življenja bolnikov
s Parkinsonovo boleznijo. Namen: Zanimalo nas je, kakšna je vloga delovnega terapevta v
procesu rehabilitacije pri bolnikih s Parkinsonovo boleznijo, katere ocenjevalne
instrumente uporablja v delovnoterapevtski obravnavi, uporabo katerih terapevtskih
pripomočkov svetuje za kakovostno bivanje in kakšna je učinkovitost delovnoterapevtske
obravnave pri bolnikih s Parkinsonovo boleznijo. Metode dela: Uporabljen je bil
kvalitativni raziskovalni pristop s pregledom literature. Vključitveni kriteriji so bili: objava
med letoma 2007 in 2019, dostopnost celotnega besedila, članki objavljeni v slovenskem
ali angleškem jeziku v spletnih bibliografskih bazah, vključevanje delovne terapije
oziroma delovnoterapevtske obravnave pri Parkinsonovi bolezni, učinkovitost
delovnoterapevtske obravnave, ocenjevalni instrumenti ter terapevtski pripomočki za
bolnike s Parkinsonovo boleznijo. Za prikaz je bil uporabljen diagram PRISMA.
Rezultati: O učinkovitosti delovne terapije pri Parkinsonovi bolezni je narejenih več
raziskav, rezultati se med seboj razlikujejo. Delovna terapija pripomore k izboljšanemu in
lažjemu izvajanju aktivnosti bolnikov s Parkinsonovo boleznijo ter pripomore k bolj
kakovostnemu in zadovoljnemu življenju. Redna telesna aktivnost izboljša telesno in
funkcionalno zmogljivost. Aktivnosti osredotočene na hojo, gibljivost sklepov in mišično
moč zmanjšajo število padcev. Aerobne aktivnosti pa izboljšajo gibanje in kakovost
življenja bolnikov s Parkinsonovo boleznijo. Razprava in zaključek: Bolnika s
Parkinsonovo boleznijo je potrebno napotiti na delovno terapijo že v zgodnji fazi bolezni,
saj se težave pri opravljanju vsakodnevnih aktivnosti pojavijo že na začetku bolezni. Za
čim daljše samostojno življenje je bistveno, da se ohranjajo motorične sposobnosti in
funkcije roke. Naloga delovnega terapevta je, da spodbuja bolnike k redni telesni
aktivnosti, jim pomaga poiskati ustrezno aktivnost glede na njihove želje in zmožnosti, ter
jim svetuje glede izbire in uporabe različnih terapevtskih pripomočkov in adaptacij za lažje
in varnejše izvajanje temeljnih življenjskih aktivnosti.
Ključne besede
diplomska dela;delovna terapija;Parkinsonova bolezen;ocenjevalni obrazci;terapevtski pripomočki;temeljne življenjske aktivnosti;učinkovitost;
Podatki
Jezik: |
Slovenski jezik |
Leto izida: |
2020 |
Tipologija: |
2.11 - Diplomsko delo |
Organizacija: |
UL ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta |
Založnik: |
[M. Ogrizek] |
UDK: |
615.851 |
COBISS: |
39254787
|
Št. ogledov: |
1010 |
Št. prenosov: |
363 |
Ocena: |
0 (0 glasov) |
Metapodatki: |
|
Ostali podatki
Sekundarni jezik: |
Angleški jezik |
Sekundarni naslov: |
Occupational therapy and Parkinson disease |
Sekundarni povzetek: |
Introduction: Parkinson's disease affects individuals around the world. It is a slowly
progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by the degeneration of dopamine neurons
within the basal ganglia. The main feature is degradation of dopamine neurons in the
compact black substance, resulting in a lack of dopamine in the brain. The clinical picture
of Parkinson's disease is akinetic-rigid syndrome, the main signs are tremor, rigidity,
bradykinesis and imbalance. All of these symptoms affect quality of life of Parkinson's
disease patients. Purpose: What is the role of occupational therapist in the rehabilitation
process in patients with Parkinson's disease, which assessment instruments are used in
occupational therapy, which devices are advised for quality living and what is the
effectiveness of occupational therapy treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Methods: A qualitative research approach with literature review was used. Criteria for
inclusion were: publication between 2007 and 2019, availability of the full text, articles
published in Slovene or English in online bibliographic databases, inclusion of
occupational therapy or occupational therapy in Parkinson's disease, effectiveness of
occupational therapy, assessment instruments and therapeutic aids for patients with
Parkinson’s disease. The PRISMA diagram was used for display of our method. Results:
Several studies have been done on the effectiveness of occupational therapy in Parkinson's
disease, and the results differ. Occupational therapy helps to improve and facilitate the
implementation of the activities of patients with Parkinson's disease and contributes to a
better and more satisfied life. Regular physical activity improves physical and functional
performance. Activities focused on walking, joint mobility, and muscle strength reduce the
number of falls. Aerobic activities, on the other hand, improve exercise and quality of life
in patients with Parkinson's disease. Discussion and conclusion: A patients with
Parkinson's disease should be referred to occupational therapy at an early stage of the
disease, as difficulties in performing daily activities appear at the beginning of the disease.
For long-term independent living of patients with Parkinson's disease, it is essential to
maintain motor skills and manual dexterity. The task of the occupational therapist is to
encourage patients to regular physical activity, help them find appropriate activity
according to their wishes and abilities, and advise them on the selection and use of various
therapeutic aids and adaptations to maintain the quality of life in performing daily
activities. |
Sekundarne ključne besede: |
diploma theses;occupational therapy;Parkinson's disease;assessment tools;therapeutic aids;activities of daily living;effectiveness; |
Vrsta dela (COBISS): |
Diplomsko delo/naloga |
Študijski program: |
0 |
Komentar na gradivo: |
Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za delovno terapijo |
Strani: |
40 str. |
ID: |
12189437 |