Oblike, vzroki in odzivi na kriminaliteto v urbanih lokalnih skupnostih

doktorska disertacija

Urška Pirnat (Avtor), Gorazd Meško (Mentor)

Povzetek

Doktorska disertacija se osredotoča na raziskovanje oblik, vzrokov in odzivov na kriminaliteto v urbanih lokalnih skupnostih. Sledili smo evropskim smernicam za merjenje varnosti v urbanih lokalnih skupnostih in jih uporabili na primeru Ljubljane, ki predstavlja največje urbano okolje v Sloveniji in hkrati velja za eno izmed 58 gosto poseljenih evropskih mest. Na podlagi omenjenih smernic smo urbano okolje Ljubljane postavili v širši demografski kontekst, zbrali informacije o neredu in kriminalitete in njuni porazdelitvi, na podlagi socioloških teorij ugotavljali vzroke za kriminaliteto, izmerili zaznavanje prebivalcev glede virov ogrožanja v urbanih okoljih in glede policije, s pomočjo indikatorjev kakovosti življenja prebivalcev le to tudi izmerili, in opredelili vse formalne subjekte in njihovo vlogo pri zagotavljanju varnosti na lokalni ravni. V empiričnem delu doktorske disertacije smo izvedli skupnostno anketo (angleško community survey) v urbanih predelih Ljubljane. Podatke smo zbrali z anketiranjem, ki je potekalo v desetih urbanih soseskah, pet od teh je bilo glede na policijsko statistiko manj obremenjenih s številom prekrškov zoper javni red in mir ter kaznivimi dejanji, pet pa je bilo bolj obremenjenih. Anketiranje prebivalcev je potekalo v letu 2016, od oktobra do decembra. Vzorec je vseboval 1.000 polnoletnih prebivalcev Ljubljane, ki so živeli na območju desetih izbranih sosesk. Rezultati analiz podatkov so razkrili, da glede na tip soseske prihaja do pomembnih razlik v značilnostih urbanih okolij (demografska struktura, družbena infrastruktura, kakovost življenja) in do razlik v stopnji viktimizacije (manjša stopnja viktimizacije je bila značilna za manj obremenjene soseske). Prav tako so se pomembne razlike pokazale v družbenih procesih glede na tip soseske. Prebivalci manj obremenjenih sosesk so navajali višjo stopnjo socialne kohezije, manj odklonskosti mladih in boljši odnos do migrantov, kot prebivalci bolj obremenjenih sosesk. Razlike so bile značilne tudi za zaznavanja prebivalcev, in sicer so prebivalci manj obremenjenih sosesk zaznavali manj nereda v soseski ter kriminalitete, prav tako so izražali boljše poglede o policiji (učinkovitosti policije, postopkovna pravičnost, pripravljenost sodelovanja s policijo, moralna identifikacija s policisti) kot prebivalci bolj obremenjenih sosesk. Ugotovili smo tudi, da se dejavniki, ki vplivajo na zaznavanje virov ogrožanja in na zaznavanje policije, razlikujejo glede na tip soseske. V zadnjem delu, smo kot enega izmed glavnih ciljev, oblikovali model varnosti v urbanih okoljih, ki temelji na ugotovitvah preteklih raziskav in na ugotovitvah predhodno izvedenih analiz. Model varnosti tako vsebuje družbene procese v skupnosti, zaznavanje prebivalcev glede virov ogrožanja in zaznavanje prebivalcev glede policije. Ugotovili smo vpliv družbenih procesov na zaznavanje virov ogrožanja, ki dalje vplivajo na zaznavanje policije, zaznavanje policije pa vpliva na družbene procese v skupnosti. Gre za krožno dinamiko vplivov, in ob spreminjanju le enega od dejavnikov, se spremenijo tudi vsi ostali. Ker se model ustrezno prilagaja podatkom, predlagamo njegovo uporabo tudi v prihodnjih študijah tako v domačem kot mednarodnem okolju.

Ključne besede

krtiminaliteta;prebivalci;zaznave;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2021
Tipologija:	2.08 - Doktorska disertacija
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	[U. Pirnat]
UDK:	343.9+351.78:316.334.56(043.3)
COBISS:	52739075
Št. ogledov:	584
Št. prenosov:	101
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Forms, causes, and responses to crime in urban local communities
Sekundarni povzetek:	The doctoral dissertation focuses on research on the forms, causes, and responses on crime in urban local communities. For measuring safety in urban local communities the European guidelines were adopted and used in the case of Ljubljana, which represents the largest Slovenian urban area and is also considered as one of the 58 densely populated European cities. Based on the mention guidelines, the urban area of Ljubljana was placed in a broader demographic context, data on disorder and crime and their distribution were collected, based on the sociological theories causes of crime were examined, residents' perceptions of sources of threat and police were measured, quality of life was measured based on the selected indicators, and formal subjects and their role in ensuring safety at the local level were identified. In the empirical part of the doctoral dissertation, a community survey in urban areas of Ljubljana was implemented. The survey was conducted in ten urban neighbourhoods, of which five were low-risk areas, according to the police statistics of offenses against public order and peace and crime, and the other five were high-risk areas. The survey was conducted from October to December in the year 2016. The sample consisted of 1,000 adult residents of Ljubljana, who lived in the area of selected neighbourhoods. The results of the analysis showed significant differences in the characteristics of urban areas (demographic structure, social infrastructure, quality of life) and also differences in the level of victimisation (residents of low-risk areas were less frequently victims of crime). Significant differences were also observed in social processes according to the neighbourhood type. Residents' of low-risk areas reported higher level of social cohesion, less youth deviance and better attitudes toward migrants. Differences were also detected in the residents' perception, while residents' of low-risk areas perceived less disorder and crime, and also expressed better attitudes toward the police (police effectiveness, procedural justice, willingness to cooperate with the police, moral identification with police officers), than residents' of high-risk areas. We also discovered that the factors influencing the perception of sources of threats and the perception of police, differ according to the area type. In the last part, as one of the main goals of doctoral dissertation, a model of safety in urban areas was formed, based on the findings of previous research and on the findings of previous analysis. The model of safety thus includes social processes in the community, the residents' perception of sources of threats and the residents' perception of police. We determined the impact of social processes on the perception of sources of threat’s, which further affects the perception of the police, and moreover, the perception of police affects social processes in the community. The model contains a circular dynamics of impacts, and if one of the factors changes, it does affect a change in others. As the model appropriately adapts to the data, we suggest its use in future research in both, the domestic and international level.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	Lokalne skupnosti;Disertacije;Varnost;Urbana naselja;Kazniva dejanja;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Doktorsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani:	XII, 256 str.
ID:	12582839