diplomsko delo
Sonja Savić (Avtor), Sonja Hlebš (Recenzent), Renata Vauhnik (Mentor), Tina Grapar Žargi (Komentor)

Povzetek

Uvod: Otroku se način življenja spremeni z vstopom v šolo, ko se nenadno povečajo sedeče dejavnosti, povezane s hipokinezijo, kar se z začetkom najobčutljivejšega obdobja v psihofizičnem razvoju velikokrat izrazi na telesni drži. Trajna neustrezna telesna drža spreminja statiko telesa, povzroča večji napor pri ohranjanju drže in sčasoma vodi v nastanek strukturnih motenj. V primeru zapoznelega ukrepanja poleg estetske škode povzroča bolečinske simptome in slabša kakovost življenja. S preventivnimi programi ciljamo na preprečitev neustrezne telesne mehanike, slabe telesne drže in s tem zmanjšamo ali preprečimo razvoj strukturnih motenj, bolezenskih stanj in bolečin v rizični populaciji; pri osnovnošolcih. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na podlagi pregleda razpoložljive literature analizirati in predstaviti učinke preventivnih programov na primerno telesno držo osnovnošolcev. Metode dela: Deskriptivni pristop je vseboval iskanje literature v podatkovnih bazah PubMed, Cochrane library in PEDro. Raziskave smo iskali v angleškem jeziku in izbrali na podlagi vključitvenih in izključitvenih kriterijev. Rezultati: Izbirnim kriterijem je ustrezalo sedem raziskav. Preventivni programi so se izkazali kot dolgoročno učinkoviti le pri izboljšanju poznavanja teorije o ustreznih posturalnih principih, kratkoročno (do enega leta) učinkoviti pa na njihov praktični prikaz ter uporabo v vsakdanjiku. V raziskavi, kjer so usmerjeno delovali na dvig samoučinkovitosti, se je ta izboljšala, a se je posledično dvignil tudi strah pred gibanjem, t. i. kinesiofobija. Če se tak usmerjen pristop ne uporabi, se samoučinkovitost in kinesiofobija ne spremenita. Na prevalenco bolečine preventivni programi niso imeli učinka. Razprava in zaključek: Ugotavljamo, da se je po letu 2010 zmanjšalo število raziskav, ki bi dokazovale učinkovitost promocije zdrave drže pri osnovnošolcih. Intervencijski programi so večinoma oblikovani na osnovi enakih, medsebojno povezanih predhodnih raziskav, a se vseeno med seboj razlikujejo. Razlike so vidne v kakovosti uporabljenih merilnih metod, ki so predvsem subjektivne, kar precej omejuje primerljivost in posplošljivost ugotovitev. Zdi se, da je najustreznejši pristop k promociji zdrave drže tisti, ki je oblikovan na podlagi socialnokognitivne teorije, saj tako učinek generalizira na vsa ocenjevana področja; teoretično, praktično znanje, uporabo v vsakdanjiku in samoučinkovitost. Tak program bi bilo smiselno proučiti v dodatnih raziskavah, v različnih okoljih in pri obeh spolih, predvsem pa ga ovrednotiti s standardiziranimi in objektivnimi merilnimi postopki.

Ključne besede

diplomska dela;fizioterapija;preventiva;izobraževanje;promocija;drža;hrbet;ergonomija;bolečina v hrbtu;šola;otroci.;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija: UL ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
Založnik: [S. Savić]
UDK: 615.8
COBISS: 54141443 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 384
Št. prenosov: 106
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Effects of preventive programs on body posture suitability in primary school students - literature review
Sekundarni povzetek: Introduction: Children’s lifestyle changes as they begin school. Sedentary activities associated with hypokinesia suddenly increase. Combined with the sensitive period of intensive psychophysical development this often affects the child’s posture. Persistent inappropriate postural patterns and poor posture influence body statics, and cause increased effort in posture maintenance, thus eventually leading toward the development of structural disorders. In the long term, when not addressed appropriately, this may cause pain, reduce the quality of life, and affect self-esteem due to aesthetic issues. The purpose of preventive exercise programmes aiming to prevent inadequate body mechanics and poor posture is to reduce or prevent the development of structural disorders, pathologies and pain in the highrisk population, i.e. primary school pupils. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the effects of preventive programmes aiming to improve posture in primary school children. Methods: The descriptive approach was used. PubMed, Cochrane library and PEDro were searched for appropriate studies published in the English language. Articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Seven studies met the selection criteria. Long-term effectiveness has been proved only with regard to improving the knowledge whereas short-term effects (up to 1 year) have been established with regard to the everyday use of relevant postural principles and their practical application. In a study that focused on improving self-efficacy, kinesiophobia also increased. If such a targeted approach is not applied, self-efficacy and kinesiophobia do not change. Preventive programmes had no significant effect on pain prevalence. Discussion and conclusion: It has been noticed that after 2010 the number of quality studies, which would prove the effectiveness of the promotion of healthy posture in primary school pupils, has decreased. Intervention programmes are mostly designed based on identical and interrelated previous studies, but they still differ from one another. Above all, the differences can be seen in the quality of the assessment methods used, which are mainly subjective and significantly limit the comparability and generalization of the findings. The most appropriate approach to the promotion of healthy posture seems to be the one based on socio-cognitive theory, as the effect is generalized to all the areas being assessed: theoretical and practical knowledge, everyday use, and self-efficacy. It would be appropriate to further investigate such a programme in different environments, by including both genders and, above all, by using standardized and objective assessment tools.
Sekundarne ključne besede: diploma theses;physiotherapy;prevention;education;promotion;posture;back;ergonomics;back pain;school;children;
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Diplomsko delo/naloga
Študijski program: 0
Konec prepovedi (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za fizioterapijo
Strani: 34 str., [16] str. pril.
ID: 12618155