doktorska disertacija
Povzetek
Pričujoče delo obravnava določeno skupino inovatorjev, ki jo imenujemo neodvisni ali
samostojni (tudi »osamljeni« in »svobodni«) izumitelji in je v sodobnem času neupravičeno
prezrta v družboslovnih raziskavah in skoraj popolnoma ignorirana v inovacijskih politikah
držav.
Avtorica skuša najprej podrobneje definirati skupino in dokazuje, da ima ta specifične
lastnosti, ki jo razlikujejo od druge skupine inovatorjev, ki bi jo lahko imenovali kot
institucionalno ali korporativno. Manjša raziskava na vzorcu slovenskih samostojnih
izumiteljev potrdi ugotovitve iz (žal redkih) prejšnjih študij, da je povprečni samostojni
izumitelj moški, star okrog petdeset let, s končano srednješolsko do višješolsko izobrazbo;
vendar je populacija zelo raznolika in vanjo spadajo tako »prostočasni« izumitelji in
upokojenci kot podjetniki in tudi nekateri raziskovalci, poleg tega se delež žensk med
izumitelji povečuje.
Avtorica nato preverja hipotezo, da delež in število samostojnih inovatorjev v sodobnosti vse
bolj upadata, pri čemer analizira podatke iz treh patentnih baz. Hipoteza se večinoma potrdi.
Ker avtorica zagovarja tezo, da ključni vzrok tega upadanja ni le vse večja kompleksnost
tehnologije, ki je posameznik (samostojni izumitelj) ne obvladuje več, temveč drage
mednarodne patentne prijave, h katerim so zaradi globalizacije prijavitelji patentov vse bolj
prisiljeni, skuša nadalje ugotoviti, ali se patenti posameznikov po svoji kvaliteti (vplivnosti,
pomembnosti) še vedno lahko primerjajo s patenti gospodarskih družb. Tega se ji sicer na
podlagi uveljavljenih meril, kot so prejeti citati patentov, ne posreči dokazati, vendar pa
ugotavlja, da hkrati tudi ni mogoče dokazati nasprotnega, in sicer, da so patenti posameznikov
manj radikalni in prebojni od patentov družb.
Hkrati pa je mogoče popolnoma jasno pokazati, da je pogostost patentnih prijav povezana s
stroški patentiranja in s tem s prijaviteljevo premožnostjo.
V zaključku so predvideni različni možni scenariji prihodnosti neodvisnih izumiteljev. Možno
je njihovo popolno izginotje, prav tako pa obstajajo možnosti preoblikovanja patentnega
sistema in večjega povezovanja posameznikov v skupine oziroma kooperative, ki bi tako
lahko konkurirale velikim gospodarskim družbam, ki si vse bolj prilaščajo tako materialni kot
duhovni svet.
Ključne besede
globalizacija;trg;intelektualna lastnina;inovatorji;izumi;
Podatki
Jezik: |
Slovenski jezik |
Leto izida: |
2014 |
Tipologija: |
2.08 - Doktorska disertacija |
Organizacija: |
FUDŠ - Fakulteta za uporabne družbene študije v Novi Gorici |
Založnik: |
[A. Hafner] |
UDK: |
001.894/.895:347.77/.78(043.2) |
COBISS: |
1024616001
|
Št. ogledov: |
1 |
Št. prenosov: |
1 |
Ocena: |
0 (0 glasov) |
Metapodatki: |
|
Ostali podatki
Sekundarni jezik: |
Angleški jezik |
Sekundarni povzetek: |
This thesis explores a particular group of inventors, namely independent inventors (sometimes
also referred to as “lone” or "free" inventors). At present the group is unduly overlooked in
the social sciences and almost completely ignored in the innovation policy of many countries.
Firstly, the author attempts to define the group in detail and demonstrates that the group has
specific features that distinguish it from other groups of inventors who could also be referred
to as institutional or corporate inventors. A brief survey on a sample of Slovenian independent
inventors confirms the findings from the (unfortunately scarce) previous studies that an
average independent inventor is male, fifty years old and has graduated from secondary
school or college. However, the population is very diverse and also includes “hobbyist”
inventors and retirees as well as entrepreneurs and even researchers. In addition, the
proportion of women inventors is on the rise.
Secondly, the author examines the hypothesis that the proportion and number of independent
inventors in the contemporary world are decreasing. For the most part, an analysis of data
from three patent databases confirms the hypothesis. The author argues that a key cause of
this decline is not only increasing complexity of technology, which an individual
(independent inventor) cannot control anymore, but that expensive international patent
applications, to which patent applicants are increasingly forced because of globalization,
might be key to understanding the problem as well. She further attempts to find whether the
patents of individuals can still compare (in terms of their quality or influence and importance)
with the patents of companies. On the basis of established criteria such as patent citations she
was unable to confirm this hypothesis, although on the other hand she also shows that the
opposite cannot be substantiated, namely that patents from individuals are less radical and
breakthrough than patents from companies.
At the same time it can be shown very clearly that the frequency of patent applications is
related to the costs of patenting and therefore to the wealth of the applicant in question.
The conclusion provides some possible future scenarios of independent inventors. Although
independent inventors may completely disappear in the near future, the patent system could
also be transformed or the greater integration of individuals into groups or cooperatives that
can compete with large corporations which increasingly occupy both the material and
intellectual world could also be achieved.
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Sekundarne ključne besede: |
globalization;intellectual property rights;independent inventors; |
Vrsta dela (COBISS): |
Doktorsko delo/naloga |
Komentar na gradivo: |
Fak. za upor. družb. študije v Novi Gorici |
Strani: |
153 str., [10] str. pril. |
ID: |
13184909 |