Odstranjevanje težkih kovin iz odpadne vode z uporabo glinenega adsorbenta

diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študijskega programa I. stopnje

Blaž Vidovič (Avtor), Danijela Doberšek (Mentor), Marjana Simonič (Komentor)

Povzetek

Planet Zemlja se v 20. in 21. stoletju spopada z najbolj onesnaženim obdobjem človeškega obstoja. Velik problem onesnaževanja med drugim predstavljajo tudi težke kovine, ki se v ionski obliki pojavljajo v pitni vodi. V diplomski nalogi smo kot cenovno dostopen adsorbent uporabili glino, ki se je do neke mere izkazala za potencialen adsorbent težkih kovin kot so baker, nikelj in krom. Glini smo najprej določili velikost delcev in zeta potencial. V modelnih raztopinah smo raziskovali adsorpcijo posamičnih kovinskih ionov in kovin v vzorcih odpadne vode. V modelnih raztopinah smo uporabljali sledeče koncentracije:  (Cu2+) =  (Ni2+ ) = 50 mg/l in  (Cr6+) = 20 mg/l. Masno koncentracijo kovinskih ionov v odpadni vodi smo določili s spektroskopsko tehniko, kjer smo uporabili kivetne teste. Pri vseh adsorpcijah smo uporabili 50 ml modelne raztopine oziroma vzorca odpadne vode. Preučevali smo, ali masa gline vpliva na adsorpcijo in če medsebojna interakcija kovinskih ionov vpliva na delež adsorbiranih ionov. Poskuse smo naredili na 0,5 g, 1 g, 5 g, 7 g in 10 g gline in preostalo vsebnost kovinskih ionov merili po 30, 60, 120, 180 in 1440 minutah. Meritve so pokazale, da je povprečna velikost delcev gline 1285 nm, povprečen zeta potencial pa znaša -22,2 mV. Ugotovili smo, da je adsorpcija kovinskih ionov največja, ko je masa adsorbenta 10 g, najnižja pa, ko je masa adsorbenta 0,5 g. Najboljše se je adsorbiral Cu2+, kjer je bila uspešnost odstranjenosti iona pri 10 g gline kar 99,4 %. Sledita mu Ni2+ z 58 % in Cr6+ z 45 % adsorpcijo. Pri medsebojnem vplivu ionov pa je adsorpcija vseh ionov bila nižja kot sicer. Cu2+ z 81,25 %, Ni2+ z 47 % in Cr6+ z 29,4 % adsorpcijo. Medsebojni vpliv posameznih ionov smo preverjali na 10 g gline. Izkazalo se je tudi, da ko smo večali maso adsorbenta, je kapaciteta adsorpcije padala. Tukaj smo prišli do spoznanja, da je razmerje med maso adsorbenta in maso adsorbata zelo pomembno, saj vpliva na Freundlich-ove in Langmuir-jeve parametre.

Ključne besede

adsorpcija;glina;baker;nikelj;krom;spektrofotometrija;diplomske naloge;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2021
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FKKT - Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Založnik:	[B. Vidovič]
UDK:	543.422.3:628.1.034(043.2)
COBISS:	80067075
Št. ogledov:	346
Št. prenosov:	84
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Removal of heavy metals from wastewater by applying clay as adsorbent
Sekundarni povzetek:	Planet Earth coincides with the most polluted period of human existence in the 20th and 21st centuries. Among other things, heavy metals, which occur in ionic form in drinking water, are also a major pollution problem. In my thesis clay as an affordable adsorbent was used, which to some extent proved to be a potential adsorbent for heavy metals such as copper, nickel and chromium. The clay was first determined for particle size and zeta potential. Then the adsorption in model solutions of individual metal ions and in a wastewater sample was studied. The following concentrations were used in the model solutions:  (Cu2 +) =  (Ni2 +) = 50mg / l and  (Cr6 +) = 20 mg/l. The mass concentration of metal ions in wastewater was determined by spectroscopic technique, where cuvette tests were used. For all adsorptions, 50 ml of model solution or waste water sample was used. We investigated whether the mass of clay affects adsorption and whether the mutual interaction of metal ions affects the proportion of adsorbed ions. The experiments were performed on 0.5 g, 1 g, 5 g, 7 g and 10 g of clay and the residual metal ion content was measured after 30, 60, 120, 180 and 1440 minutes. Measurements showed that the average clay particle size was 1285 nm and the average zeta potential was −22.2 mV. We found that the adsorption of metal ions is the highest when the mass of the adsorbent was 10 g, and lowest when the mass of the adsorbent is was 0.5 g. Cu2 + was the best adsorbed, where the ion removal efficiency at 10 g of clay was as high as 99.4%, It is followed by Ni2 + with 58 % and Cr6 + with 45 % adsorption. In the interaction of ions, however, the adsorption of all ions was lower than usual. Cu2 + with 81.25 %, Ni2 + with 47% and Cr6 + with 29.4 % adsorption. The interaction of individual ions was checked on 10 g of clay. It also turned out that as we increased the mass of the adsorbent, the adsorption capacity decreased. Here we came to the conclusion that the ratio between the mass of the adsorbent and the mass of the adsorbate is very important, as it affects the Freundlich and Langmuir parameters.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	adsorption;clay;copper;nickel;chromium;spectrophotometry;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Strani:	IX, 33 str.
ID:	13301789