diplomsko delo
Aleksandra Makovec (Avtor), Darja Thaler (Recenzent), Darja Ovijač (Mentor)

Povzetek

Uvod: Infekcijske bolezni v enaindvajsetem stoletju predstavljajo velik izziv za javno zdravje. Ob pojavu vse bolj kompleksnih okužb je potrebna obsežnejša in zahtevnejša zdravstvena oskrba, ki med zaposlenimi delavci povzroča številne etične dileme, ki se navezujejo predvsem na načela pravičnosti, dobrotljivosti, neškodljivosti in spoštovanja avtonomije. Pri obravnavi pacientov z infekcijskimi boleznimi se izvajajo tako standardni previdnostni ukrepi kot tudi previdnostni ukrepi na osnovi prenosa okužb, kamor sodi izolacija. Etična vprašanja se pojavljajo zlasti pri uvedbi izolacije in obveznega cepljenja, ki sta najpogostejša in najpomembnejša ukrepa za zajezitev okužb. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je iz etičnega vidika opredeliti zdravstveno obravnavo pacientov z infekcijskimi boleznimi. Raziskali smo, s katerimi dilemami se zdravstveni delavci srečujejo ob oskrbi pacientov z nalezljivimi boleznimi ter katere etične dileme in vprašanja se pojavljajo pri izolaciji in ob cepljenju. Metode dela: Na tematiko etike in zdravstvene obravnave infekcijskih pacientov je narejen sistematičen pregled domače in tuje strokovne literature. Iskali smo po ključnih besedah: infekcijske bolezni, etika, epidemija, pandemija, cepljenje, izolacija, in izbruh bolezni v slovenskem, angleškem in nemškem jeziku, in sicer v podatkovnih bazah DIKUL, COBBIS, PubMed, Medline, Google učenjak, Web of Science, Science Direct ter OIJN. Rezultati: Osrednji problem med zdravstvenimi delavci je strah pred oskrbo pacientov z nalezljivimi boleznimi, saj se bojijo izpostavljenosti okužbi in prenosu na svoje bližnje. Smernice o zdravljenju pacientov in varovanju pacientovih podatkov niso dovolj jasno zastavljene ali pa niso dostopne vsem zaposlenim. Zdravstveni sistem ni dovolj pripravljen, primanjkuje opreme, bolnišnice nimajo zagotovljenih prostorov za vzpostavitev izolacije. Ob izoliranju pacientov se postavljajo vprašanja kršenja pacientovih pravic, sama izolacija pa vpliva na duševno zdravje pacientov. Etična vprašanja cepljenja se pojavljajo zaradi strahu pred neželenimi učinki cepljenja, prepričanja, da ni tveganja za okužbo, da cepivo povzroči bolezen ter da je cepivo neučinkovito. Razprava in zaključek: Zdravstvenim delavcem primanjkuje znanja s področja nadzora okužb. Zaposleni so izpostavljeni okužbam in imajo pravico do ustreznih informacij, usposabljanja in zaščite, vendar bolnišnice nimajo zagotovljenih ustreznih pogojev. Prav tako so lahko kršene pravice pacientov z vidika varovanja podatkov, dostojanstva in svobode gibanja. Čeprav je cepljenje z leti postalo dokaj varno in učinkovito, se ob cepljenju še vedno pojavljajo vprašanja zaupanja v varnost in učinkovitost cepiv; dojemanje, da je tveganje za okužbo majhno in zato cepljenje ni potrebno; ter nedostopnost v smislu oddaljenosti, stroškov.

Ključne besede

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;etična načela;epidemija;pandemija;izolacija;cepljenje;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija: UL ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
Založnik: [A. Makovec]
UDK: 616-083
COBISS: 74987779 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 337
Št. prenosov: 86
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Ethical aspects of clinical management of patients with infectious diseases
Sekundarni povzetek: Introduction: In the twenty-first century, infectious diseases pose a major challenge to public health. With the emergence of increasingly complex infections, more extensive and demanding medical care is needed, which causes many ethical dilemmas among employees, which are mainly related to the principles of fairness, benevolence, harmlessness and respect for one’s autonomy. When treating patients with infectious diseases, both standard precautions and precautionary measures based on the transmission of infections, including isolation, are applied. Ethical issues arise in particular with the introduction of isolation and compulsory vaccination, which are the most common and important measures to contain infections. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to define the medical treatment of patients with infectious diseases from an ethical point of view. We investigated what dilemmas healthcare professionals face in the care of patients with infectious diseases and what ethical dilemmas and issues arise in isolation and vaccination. Methods: A systematic review of domestic and foreign professional literature has been made on the topic of ethics and medical treatment of infectious patients. We searched by keywords: infectious diseases, ethics, epidemic, pandemic, vaccination, isolation, and disease outbreak in Slovenian, English and German, in databases DIKUL, COBBIS, PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct and OIJN. Results: A central problem among healthcare professionals is the fear of caring for patients with infectious diseases, as they fear exposure to infection and transmission to their loved ones. Guidelines on patient treatment and patient data protection are not sufficiently clear or are not available to all employees. The health care system is not suitably prepared; there is a lack of equipment, and hospitals do not have the facilities to establish isolation. Patient isolation raises issues of violation of patients 'rights, and isolation itself affects patients' mental health. Ethical issues in vaccination arise from fear of the side effects of vaccination, the belief that there is no risk of infection, that the vaccine causes disease, and that the vaccine is ineffective. Discussion and conclusion: Healthcare professionals lack the necessary knowledge in the field of infection control. Employees are exposed to infections and have the right to adequate information, training and protection, but hospitals do not have adequate conditions. Patients' rights could also be violated in terms of data protection, dignity and freedom of movement. Although vaccination has become fairly safe and effective over the years, vaccination still raises issues of confidence in the safety and efficacy of vaccines; the perception that the risk of infection is low and therefore vaccination is not necessary; and inaccessibility in terms of distance, cost.
Sekundarne ključne besede: diploma theses;nursing care;ethical principles;epidemic;pandemic;isolation;vaccination;
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Diplomsko delo/naloga
Študijski program: 0
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Strani: 26 str.
ID: 13307403