diplomsko delo
Filip Geč (Avtor), Blaž Likozar (Mentor)

Povzetek

Bolj kot kadarkoli prej postaja jasno, da je človeški vpliv na okolje skozi zgodovino precej nezavidljiv. V zadnjih letih problematika eksponentno narašča in znanost se vse bolj usmerja v alternativne in bolj zelene metode že poznanih industrijskih procesov. Hkrati v ospredje stopajo molekule, ki so bile pogosto obravnavane kot industrijsko nepomembne in posledično niso bile predmet raziskav. Ena izmed takih molekul je lignin, ki znanost privlači s svojim širokim spektrom možnih aplikacij v industriji. Kot naravni vir mnogih aromatskih spojin, ki imajo potencial na mnogih področjih znanosti, je razgradnja lignina proces, ki bi lahko precej spremenil industrijo, kot jo poznamo danes. Tudi za zahtevno razgradnjo lignina lahko rešitev najdemo v naravi; organizmi imajo sposobnost encimske razgradnje lignina do uporabnih aromatskih komponent, tudi te pa lahko do uporabnih produktov pretvorimo s pomočjo encimske katalize, ki je v primerjavi s kemijsko katalizo precej bolj okolju prijazna, predvsem ko jo obravnavamo na industrijskem nivoju. Kemikalije z dodano vrednostjo, ki jih lahko pridobimo iz makromolekule lignina, so v prvi vrsti biokemikalije in biogoriva, a tudi drugih področij je veliko in aplikativni potencial lignina je vsekakor izjemno privlačen za znanstvenike. Diplomsko delo opisuje teoretično podlago omenjene tematike, v eksperimentalnem delu pa se osredotoča na pripravo encimskih in kislinskih vzorcev, ki so bili nato podvrženi HPLC analizi, s pomočjo katere je bila določena morebitna uspešna konverzija reakcije esterifikacije modelnih komponent lignina do estrskih produktov. Bolj podrobno sta bili proučeni dve modelni komponenti lignina, in sicer eugenol in 2-metoksi-4-propilfenol. Kljub relativno majhni uspešnosti rezultatov HPLC analize, predvsem pri encimski katalizi, je potencial na področju velik, saj je na voljo še mnogo prostora za izboljšave reakcijskega procesa. V kombinaciji z encimi kot biokatalizatorji bi lahko lignin skozi čas postal zelo pomemben alternativni vir in rahlo omilil vse bolj grozeč okoljski problem.

Ključne besede

lignin;konverzija;esterifikacija;kataliza;encimi;peroksidaze;lakaze;diplomska dela;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija: UL FKKT - Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Založnik: [F. Geč]
UDK: 66.095.13.097(043.2)
COBISS: 79346947 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 207
Št. prenosov: 36
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
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Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Enzyme and acid catalysed esterification of lignin model compounds
Sekundarni povzetek: It is becoming clear, now more than ever, that the human impact on our environment throughout history has been less-than-stellar. In recent years the problem is becoming exponentially more apparent, and science is looking to turn to alternative and greener methods of already known industrial processes. At the same time, molecules that were previously treated as industrially insignificant are receiving newfound attention from scientists. One example of those molecules is lignin, which is attracting the scientific world with its broad spectrum of industrial applications. As a natural source of many important aromatic compounds that have application potential in many fields of science, lignin depolymerization is a process that could hopefully have a significant impact on industry as we know it today. While lignin depolymerization certainly has its challenges, we can turn – once again – to nature for help; there are organisms that are capable of depolymerizing lignin to aromatic monomers via enzymatic route and those monomers can also be converted further with the help of enzyme catalysis, which is much more environmentally friendly compared to chemical catalysis, especially when treating it on an industrial scale. High-value chemicals that can be obtained from lignin macromolecule are mostly biochemicals and biofuels, however there are several other fields of science where they can be used and as such the application potential of lignin is becoming increasingly attractive for scientists. This thesis offers a theoretical background of said problem, while later in the experimental section it focuses on preparing enzyme and acid samples, which were than subjected to HPLC analysis. The latter determined the successfulness of esterification reactions and their conversion of lignin model compounds to ester products. Two model compounds that were the subject of closer study were eugenol and 2-methoxy-4- propylphenol. While the results of HPLC analysis were not as good as hoped, especially when it came to enzyme catalysis, the application potential remains high, as there are several improvements that can be utilized to increase the conversion rate of studied esterification reactions. Combined with enzymatic biocatalysts lignin could very well become an important alternative source and could – if only slightly – mitigate the increasingly looming environmental problem.
Sekundarne ključne besede: lignin;catalysis;enzymes;conversion;
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Diplomsko delo/naloga
Študijski program: 1000372
Konec prepovedi (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo, UNI Kemijsko inženirstvo
Strani: 36 str.
ID: 13331917