magistrsko delo
Maša Gabrijel (Avtor), Milena Košak Babuder (Mentor)

Povzetek

Discipliniranje otroka je edinstveno dejanje vsakega starša, saj je vsak otrok drugačen, kar pomeni, da enotnega nasveta za najbolj ustrezno in uspešno vzgojo in usmerjanje otrokovega vedenja ni. To še posebej velja pri otrocih z motnjo pomanjkljive pozornosti in hiperaktivnosti (v nadaljevanju otroci z ADHD), ki potrebujejo individualen pristop in obravnavo, rutino in doslednost, zato je medsebojno sodelovanje staršev in prilagajanje ostalih članov družine ključno za vzdrževanje ravnovesja, dobrih odnosov in ugodne družinske klime. Strokovnjaki menijo, da način vzgajanja in izbira disciplinskih pristopov nista vzrok za to, da se otroci z ADHD vedejo neprimerno oziroma nezaželeno, zagotovo pa predstavljata pomemben zunanji dejavnik za stopnjevanje ali premagovanje težav. Zato je glavni cilj magistrskega dela raziskati področje discipliniranja otrok z ADHD, starih od 6 do 14 let in sicer z vidika njihovih staršev. Cilj je bil ugotoviti, h kateri dimenziji discipliniranja (kaznovalni ali nekaznovalni) se nagibajo slovenski starši otrok z ADHD, tako na področju uporabe kot tudi stališč. Poleg tega je bil cilj ugotoviti morebitne spremembe na področju discipliniranja, ki so se pojavile v času pandemije covida-19. Rezultati so bili pridobljeni s pomočjo elektronskega anketnega vprašalnika. Uporabili smo deskriptivno in nekavzalno neeksperimentalno metodo raziskovanja in kvantitativni raziskovalni pristop. Na vprašalnik se je odzvalo 98 staršev otrok z ADHD, starih od 6 do 14 let. Raziskovali smo tudi vpliv spola, starosti in vzgojno-izobraževalnega obdobja otrok na starševsko pogostost uporabe disciplinskih metod, (ne)strinjanje s stališči, učinkovitost že v praksi izvajanih disciplinskih metod ter iskanje dodatne pomoči in podpore v času pandemije covida-19. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da so starši pred pandemijo covida-19 v večji meri uporabljali nekaznovalne disciplinske metode, pri čemer so bili najbolj naklonjeni preventivnim disciplinskim pristopom (indukcija, pogovor z otrokom, razlaga vedenja, nudenje podpore in občutka varnosti, dajanje zgleda). Na področju kaznovalnih disciplinskih metod pa so starši najpogosteje zahtevali od otroka, da se opraviči ali pa so mu odvzeli različne privilegije, najredkeje pa so ga fizično ali verbalno kaznovali. Pokazale so se tudi statistično pomembne razlike med pogostostjo uporabe disciplinskih metod glede na spol otrok z ADHD, in sicer starši pogosteje uporabljajo nekaznovalne disciplinske pristope pri dečkih z ADHD. Prav tako so rezultati raziskave pokazali, da so starši otroke največkrat disciplinirali takrat, ko so bili neposlušni, fizično agresivni do drugih oz. do lastnine, ali niso upoštevali dogovorov. Pri raziskovanju učinkovitosti disciplinskih metod, ki so jih starši uporabljali že pred pandemijo covida-19, ugotavljamo, da so jih na splošno ocenili kot učinkovite. Kot bolj učinkovite so starši izpostavili pogovor z otrokom, nudenje podpore, zgled in nagrajevanje, kot najmanj učinkovito pa verbalno kaznovanje. Kot učinkovito preventivno posredovanje za preprečevanje neustreznega vedenja so starši izpostavili indukcijske tehnike, vnaprej postavljene dogovore in nagrajevanje otrok ter predvidevanje situacij in uporabo različnih tehnik sproščanja. Na področju stališč do discipliniranja ugotavljamo bolj negativna stališča staršev do kaznovalnih metod, medtem ko se na področju stališč do nekaznovalnega discipliniranja večina staršev strinja, da med bolj učinkovite disciplinske metode sodijo induktivne tehnike in pohvale. Ugotavljamo tudi, da se strinjanje staršev s stališči do kaznovalnega discipliniranja pomembno povezuje z izvajanjem kaznovalnega discipliniranja, medtem ko te povezanosti med stališči in uporabo nekaznovalnih metod nismo odkrili. Ugotovljeno je bilo tudi, da je manj kot 30 % vseh staršev v času pandemije covida-19 spremenilo svoje disciplinske pristope ter da je približno enak delež staršev v času pandemije iskal pomoč in podporo izven družine. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da se pri starših, ki so iskali pomoč in podporo, pojavlja statistično pomembna soodvisnost glede na spol otrok, in sicer so starši dečkov z ADHD pogosteje iskali pomoč in podporo pri drugih ljudeh v primerjavi s starši deklic z ADHD.

Ključne besede

motnja pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo (ADHD);kaznovalno discipliniranje;nekaznovalno discipliniranje;preventivni ukrepi;pandemija covida-19;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija: UL PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
Založnik: [M. Gabrijel]
UDK: 376:616.89-008.47(043.2)
COBISS: 76402179 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 204
Št. prenosov: 21
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Parents' views and experiences of disciplining children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Sekundarni povzetek: There is no single piece of advice for the best and most succesful upbringing and guidance of childs' behaviour. This is especially true for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (later reffered to as children with ADHD), who need individual approach and handling, steady routine and consistency, which means a joint effort from both parents and other family members is key for maintaining a balance in the family, good relationships and positive atmosphere. Experts believe that the methods parents are using for raising their child with ADHD and their discipline approaches are not causing inappropriate and undesirable behavior of children with ADHD. However, they certainly represent an important outside factor for children with ADHD for them to be even more problematic or to be able to overcome their problems. Therefore, the main goal of this master's thesis is to explore the field of disciplining children with ADHD, aged 6 to 14 years, from their parents' perspective. The aim was also to determine which discipline methods (punitive or non-punitive) Slovenian parents of children with ADHD use the most, as well as to explore their viewpoints about discipline. Furthermore, the purpose of this masters' thesis was also to discover possible changes regarding discipline approaches that appeared during COVID-19 pandemic. The data were obtained using an online survey questionnaire and a descriptive and casual non-experimental method and a quantitative research approach was used in this research. 98 parents of children with ADHD, aged 6 to 14 years, responded to the questionnaire. We also researched the influence of child's gender, age and educational period on the parental frequency of using disciplinary methods, viewpoint (dis)agreement, effectiveness of already implemented disciplinary methods and seeking additional help and suppor during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research results have shown that parents used non-punitive discipline methods to a significatlly bigger extent before the COVID-19 pandemic started, wherein preventative discipline methods (induction, conversation with children, explanation of behaviour, providing support and feeling of safety, setting an example) were used the most. Regarding punitive disciplinary methods, parents most often demanded that the child apologizes to the person he or she hurt or they took away his privileges. Physical and verbal punishment was rarely used. The results have also shown that there are statistically significant differences in the frequency of using disciplinary methods regarding to childs' gender, which means that parents used non-punitive disciplinary methods more regularly with boys with ADHD than they did with girls. Furthermore, children with ADHD were disciplined by their parents the most when they were agressive towards others or were destroying property, when they disobeyed or when they weren't sticking to the agreements between them and their parents. In researching the effectivness of disciplinary methods used by parents before the COVID-19 pandemic, we found that parents rated their methods as generally effective. Parents said that talking to children, providing them support, setting an example and giving positive reinforcement were most effective disciplinary methods, whereas verbal punishment was seen as the least effective disciplinary method. As effective preventative interventions to prevent inappropriate behavior, parents highlighted induction techniques, pre-arranged agreements and rewarding children, as well as predicting situations and using a variety of relaxation techinques. Regarding viewpoints on discipline techniques we found that parents' attitude toward punitive techniques was more negative, while in the field of non-punitive methods parents considered that inductive techniques and praises were among the more effective disciplinary methods. We also found significant correlation between parents' viewpoints to punitive discipline and using punitive techniques, while this kind of correlation didn't exist between viewpoints to non-punitive discipline and using non-punitive techniques. Results have also shown that less than 30 % of all parents changed ther discipline approach and that about the same proportion of parents sought help and suppor outside their family during COVID-19 pandemic. We also found significant co-dependence between reaching out for additional help during pandemic and the child's gender, which means that the parents of boys with ADHD were more likely to reach out for help and support than the parents of girls with ADHD.
Sekundarne ključne besede: hyperactivity;child;parents;hiperaktivnost;otrok;starši;
Vrsta datoteke: application/pdf
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Magistrsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak., Specialna in rehabilitacijska pedagogika, Posebne razvojne in učne težave
Strani: XII, 114 str.
ID: 13352467