diplomsko delo
Armin Ćeman (Avtor), Katja Dulmin (Avtor), Nejc Mekiš (Recenzent), Mojca Medič (Mentor)

Povzetek

Uvod: Pri rentgenskem slikanju z zaslonko omejimo uporaben rentgenski snop na del telesa, ki ga preiskujemo. Najpogosteje so uporabljene prilagodljive svetlobne zaslonke, ki omejujejo snop tako, da ščitijo sosednja tkiva pred nepotrebno izpostavljenostjo sevanju. Zaslanjanje prav tako zmanjša sipano sevanje, kar izboljša kontrastno ločljivost slike. Z natančnim zaslanjanjem bo obsevan majhen del pacientovih tkiv in s tem bo prejeta doza nižja. Če je presevana prostornina velika, nastane veliko več sipanega sevanja, kar pomeni slabšo kontrastno ločljivost in tudi višjo sevalno obremenitev pacienta. Najenostavnejši pribor za zožitev snopa je tubus, ki ga namestimo na rentgensko cev. Če so taki tubusi dovolj ozki, lahko dobimo z njimi zelo dobre rentgenske posnetke. Na splošno pa danes za zaslonitev rentgenskega snopa uporabljamo t. i. globinske zaslonke. Z njimi lahko zaslonimo različno velika polja in prilagodimo širino žarkovnega snopa velikosti slikanega območja. Namen: Namen diplomske naloge je podrobna predstavitev zaslonke in njenega vpliva na kakovost rentgenske slike ter dozno obremenitev preiskovanca, za lažje razumevanje pa tudi kratka predstavitev sevanja in vpliva doze na preiskovanca pri rentgenskem slikanju, kakovost rentgenske slike in sestavnih delov rentgenskega aparata. Cilj je bil sistematično pregledati obstoječo literaturo in podrobneje predstaviti temo. Pri pisanju diplomske naloge se bomo osredotočili na vpliv zaslonke na dozno obremenitev pacienta/objekta in hkrati na vpliv na kakovost rentgenske slike oziroma rentgenograma, natančneje na kontrastno ločljivost. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela s sistematičnim pregledom literature. Literaturo smo iskali v knjigah ter znanstvenih in strokovnih člankih v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. Iskali smo predvsem članke o zaslonkah, dozi na pacienta in vplivu zaslonke na kakovost rentgenske slike. Navedeno literaturo smo iskali od novembra 2020 do marca 2021 po različnih slovenskih in tujih bibliografskih bazah. Rezultati: Predstavili smo ugotovitve člankov, uporabljenih pri sistematičnem pregledu literature. Velik poudarek je bil na zmanjševanju prejete doze pri uporabi zaslonke in s tem tudi izboljšanju kakovosti rentgenograma. Kljub spremembi analognih sistemov v digitalne je zaslanjanje polja še vedno velik problem, ki predstavlja nepotrebno obsevanost pacienta in slabše kakovostno rentgensko sliko. Zaznali smo tudi različne prakse zaslanjanja. Razprava in zaključek: V kar nekaj radioloških praksah je bila zaznana neustrezna uporaba zaslonke in s tem neskladje pri upoštevanju ALARA načela. Ugotovili smo, da se zaslanjanje zanemarja pri uporabi digitalne tehnologije, zaradi možnosti obrezovanja rentgenograma v »postprocesingu«. Pri vseh študijah je bilo ugotovljeno, da se kakovost slike in dozna obremenitev izboljšuje z maksimalnim možnim zaslanjanjem.

Ključne besede

diplomska dela;radiološka tehnologija;zaslonka;kolimator;x-žarki;zaslanjanje rentgenskega snopa;zaslanjanje v radiološki diagnostiki;kakovost rentgenograma;dozna obremenitev;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija: UL ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
Založnik: [A. Ćeman
UDK: 616-07
COBISS: 76128771 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 306
Št. prenosov: 82
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Collimator in x-ray imaging - effect on image quality and patient dose
Sekundarni povzetek: Introduction: In X-ray imaging, collimator limits the useful X-ray beam to the part of the body under examination. Adjustable light collimators are most commonly used to limit the beam to protect other tissues from unnecessary radiation exposure. Collimation also reduces scattered radiation, which improves the contrast resolution of the X-ray image. With precise collimation, a small part of the patient's tissues will be irradiated, and the dose received will thus be lower. If the irradiated volume is large, much more scattered radiation is generated, which means poorer contrast resolution and also a higher patient radiation dose. The simplest accessory for narrowing the X-ray beam is a tube that is placed on an X-ray tube. If such tubes are narrow enough, we can get very good X-rays images. Today, we generally use the so-called depth apertures to collimate the X-ray beam. With them, we can collimate different-sized fields and adjust the beam width to the size of the examined area. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma work is to provide a detailed presentation of the collimator and its impact on the quality of the X-ray image and patient radiation dose. For easier understanding, the diploma work also provides a brief presentation of radiation and the effect of patient radiation dose in X-ray imaging, X-ray image quality, and X-ray machine components. The aim was to systematically review the existing literature and present the topic in more detail. When writing the diploma work, we will focus on the effect of the collimator on the patient/object radiation dose and, at the same time, on its effect on the X-ray image quality, more precisely, its contrast resolution. Methods: In the diploma work, we used a descriptive work method with a systematic literature review. We searched for literature in books as well as scientific and professional articles in Slovene and English. We mainly looked for articles on collimators, patient radiation dose, and the effect of collimation on X-ray image quality. The mentioned literature was searched from November 2020 to March 2021 in various Slovenian and foreign bibliographic databases. Results: We presented the findings of the articles used in the systematic literature review. Great emphasis was placed on dose reduction received when using the aperture, thus also improving the quality of the X-ray image. Despite the shift from analogue to digital systems, field collimation is still a major problem, resulting in unnecessary patient irradiation and poorer X-ray image quality. We also detected different collimation practices. Discussion and conclusion: In quite a few radiological practices, inappropriate use of aperture and thus inconsistency in compliance with the ALARA principle was detected. We found that collimation is neglected when using digital technology, due to the possibility of cropping the X-ray image in postprocessing. All studies found that X-ray image quality and patient radiation dose are improved with maximum possible collimation.
Sekundarne ključne besede: diploma theses;radiologic technology;aperture;collimator;X-rays;X-ray beam collimation;radiological diagnostics collimation;X-ray image quality;patient radiation dose;
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Diplomsko delo/naloga
Študijski program: 0
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za radiološko tehnologijo
Strani: 44 str.
ID: 13386210