Garantna dolžnost kot podlaga za neprava opustitvena kazniva dejanja

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa Varstvoslovje

Sara Kovačič (Avtor), Miroslav Žaberl (Mentor)

Povzetek

Pri splošnem pojmu kaznivega dejanja gre za teoretičen koncept in ne za konkretno kaznivo dejanje. Splošni pojem kaznivega dejanja zajema točno določene splošne in vsem kaznivim dejanim skupne značilnosti, ki jih mora vsebovati tudi vsako konkretno kaznivo dejanje. Če jih ne vsebuje preostane zgolj zaključek, da kaznivo dejanje kot tako ne obstaja in tudi kazenske odgovornosti zanj nihče ne prevzame. Splošni pojem kaznivega dejanja ima torej točno določene elemente in določen vrstni red med njimi, ki ga je potrebno obvezno upoštevati pri vsakem posameznem kaznivem dejanju, to pa so voljno ravnanje človeka, bit inkriminacije, protipravnost in krivda. Samo ravnanje človeka in ne ravnanje živali ali delovanje višje sile, lahko postane kaznivo dejanje, predpostavka pa je, da gre za voljno ravnanje, torej tako, ki ga ima človek v oblasti. Najpogosteje se pravna praksa srečuje s kaznivimi dejanji, izvršenimi v storitveni obliki, vendar kazensko pravo tudi pasivnost obravnava kot ravnanje. Skupno ime za pasivna ravnanja, ki ogrožajo kazenskopravne dobrine so opustitve, te se pa naprej delijo na prave in neprave opustitve. Skupno obema je, da posameznik ni preprečil nastanka prepovedane posledice, vendar bi to moral storiti, razlika pa je v tem, da bo oseba za nepravo opustitveno kaznivo dejanje odgovarjala zgolj tedaj, ko ji bo dokazana posebna življenjska zveza v razmerju do žrtve, iz katere izhajajo določene odgovornosti. Ta življenjska zveza se imenuje garantna dolžnost, ki pa ni posebej urejena v kazenskem zakonu. Nosilec garantne dolžnosti se imenuje garant, položaj osebe v razmerju do žrtve pa se imenuje garantni položaj. Garantne dolžnosti je potrebno iskati v področnih zakonih ali drugih aktih, ki urejajo tisto razmerje, s katerim ima pravosodje opravka. Garanti varnosti postanejo posamezniki tudi s sklenitvijo pogodbe o zaposlitvi, v ospredju predvsem učitelji, policisti in poklicni vozniki.

Ključne besede

diplomske naloge;kaznivo dejanje;storitev;opustitev;garantna dolžnost;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2021
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	[S. Kovačič]
UDK:	343.346(043.2)
COBISS:	81419779
Št. ogledov:	333
Št. prenosov:	58
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Special responsibilities toward a victim as a basis for criminal offences commited in a form of ommision
Sekundarni povzetek:	The basic expression of a criminal act tells us about a theoretical concept and not about the specific act itself. It involves explicit basic characteristics that are subjects in all criminal acts and should all be involved in an act to be defined as a concrete criminal act. If an act doesn’t involve all characteristics, we must draw a conclusion that a presumed criminal act does not exist, therefore no one takes a criminal responsibility for it. The basic expression has specifically attributed elements and a specific order among them, which has to be fulfilled and it is important that it is followed in every single criminal act. These elements are act of free will, essence of incrimination, unlawfulness and guilt. Only the act of a human and not the act of an animal or the act of a higher power, can become a criminal act, where the presumption is, that it is an act of free will or differently said, an act that a person has control of. Most commonly, law practice faces an act of doing, but criminal law holds the act of omission equally as accountable. Jointly, the passive acts which endanger the penal values, have a name of omission which are associations for both true and false omissions. What both have in common is, that the perpetrator did not stop the realisation of an unlawful consequence, when they should have and the difference is that the person will answer for a false omission, but only, when it is proven, that they had a life relation to the victim, from which come certain responsibilities. This life relation is called guarantee duty but it is not specifically defined in the penal code. The carrier of the guarantee duty is called a guarantee and the relationship to the victim is called a guarantee position. Guarantee duty must be searched for in regional codes or other regulatory provisions, which regulate those relations with whom the judicature has to deal with in single case. The guarantees of safety also become individuals with the conclusion of a contract of employment, mostly teachers, police officers and occupational drivers.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	criminal offence;oct of doing;omission;special responsibility;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani:	V, 33 str.
ID:	13534205