ǂThe ǂlanguage of appraisal in selected TED talks

magistrsko delo

Sarah Vidmar (Avtor), Klementina Jurančič (Mentor), Agata Križan (Komentor)

Povzetek

Magistrsko delo obravnava pet izbranih TED govorov z uporabo teorije vrednotenja Martina in Whita (2005). TED govori so posebna oblika govora, ki se je od prvega organiziranega TED dogodka leta 1984 razširila po vsem svetu v obliki TED dogodkov v živo in tudi v obliki videoposnetkov na spletu. Teoretsko ozadje magistrskega dela obravnava predvsem teorijo vrednotenja Martina in Whita (2005), čeprav vključuje tudi vidike nekaterih drugih raziskovalcev, med njimi Mary Macken-Horarik in Anne Isaac ter Geoffa Thompsona. Poleg tega obsega kratek pregled diskurzne analize in sistemskega funkcionalnega jezikoslovja, saj je to teoretski okvir, iz katerega se je razvila teorija vrednotenja. Empirični del zajema analizo petih TED govorov, ki so bili izbrani na podlagi dodeljene označbe na uradni spletni strani TED. Izbrani TED govori so: »Why I'm Done Trying to Be ‘Man Enough’«, avtor Justin Baldoni; »Dare to Refuse the Origin Myths That Claim Who You Are«, avtor Chetan Bhatt; »How Changing Your Story Can Change Your Life«, avtorica Lori Gottlieb; »My Year of Saying Yes to Everything«, avtorica Shonda Rhimes; in »Your Brain Hallucinates Your Conscious Reality«, avtor Anil Seth. Model vrednotenja raziskuje govorčevo oziroma piščevo oceno določenih pojavov, konceptov in ljudi v obliki njegovih/njenih čustvenih odzivov, sodb in ocenitev. Poleg tega model vrednotenja preučuje govorčevo oziroma piščevo držo v povezavi z alternativnimi stališči in usklajenostjo s stališčem besedila. Namen magistrskega dela je opazovati rabo vrednotenj v sodobni obliki javnega govora, tj. v TED govorih. Nadaljnji cilj je tudi odkrivanje tipičnih vzorcev in rabe vrednotenj v žanru javnega govora, natančneje v okviru TED govorov, za katere so znane ustaljena oblika in skupne značilnosti, zaradi katerih se razlikujejo od drugih oblik govorov ali akademskih predavanj. Tako je namen magistrskega dela raziskati načine, kako se govorci izbranih TED govorov izražajo z rabo vrednotenj. Ker so na uradni spletni strani TED vsi od petih izbranih TED govorov razen enega označeni z "osebna rast", je namen raziskave ugotoviti tudi to, ali obstajajo razlike v rabi vrednotenj, natančneje čustva kot jezikovnega sredstva, med TED govori z dodeljeno označbo "osebna rast" in tistim, ki te označbe nima in je zato po svoji naravi lahko bolj objektiven. Analiza jezika vrednotenja izbranih TED govorov je pokazala rabo vseh jezikovnih sredstev odnosa v izbranih govorih. Prav tako se je izkazalo, da imajo izbrane teme TED govorov vpliv na govorčevo rabo sredstev odnosa. Čustva imajo pomembno vlogo v večini govorov, vendar bolj ko se govorec trudi ostati nepristranski in objektiven, bolj se izogiba izrazom čustev v zvezi s sabo in izbira več izrazov ocenitve. Poleg tega govorci izbranih TED govorov v svojem pripovedovanju težijo k pogosti rabi stopnjevanja, pri čemer je prevladujoče jezikovno sredstvo stopnjevanja v vseh izbranih govorih sila. Čeprav je analiza avtorjeve vključenosti v izbranih TED govorih pokazala na močnejšo prisotnost dialoško ekspanzivnih izrazov v štirih od petih obravnavanih TED govorov, se pogosto pojavljajo tudi dialoško kontraktilni izrazi. To razkriva poskus govorcev, da uravnotežijo odprtost za alternativna stališča, obenem pa obdržijo samozavest glede svojega znanja in prepričanj z omejevanjem drugih glasov.

Ključne besede

appraisal;TED talks;evaluation;appraisal analysis;discourse analysis;master theses;

Podatki

Jezik:	Angleški jezik
Leto izida:	2021
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FF - Filozofska fakulteta
Založnik:	[S. Vidmar]
UDK:	81'42(043.2)
COBISS:	90134275
Št. ogledov:	359
Št. prenosov:	60
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Jezik vrednotenja v izbranih TED govorih
Sekundarni povzetek:	This master's thesis examines five selected TED Talks by using Martin and White's Appraisal Theory (2005). TED Talks are a specific form of speech which has spread worldwide with live TED events and even videos online since the first organised TED event in 1984. The theoretical background of this master's thesis covers mainly Martin and White's Appraisal Theory (2005), although it does include the views of other researchers, including Mary Macken-Horarik and Anne Isaac, as well as Geoff Thompson, on appraisal analysis as well. Furthermore, it encompasses a short overview of discourse analysis and systemic functional linguistics, as this is the theoretical framework from which Appraisal Theory has evolved. The empirical part includes the analysis of appraisal in the five selected TED Talks, chosen based on the assigned tag on the official TED web page. The selected TED Talks are: “Why I'm Done Trying to Be ‘Man Enough’” by Justin Baldoni; “Dare to Refuse the Origin Myths That Claim Who You Are” by Chetan Bhatt; “How Changing Your Story Can Change Your Life” by Lori Gottlieb; “My Year of Saying Yes to Everything” by Shonda Rhimes; and “Your Brain Hallucinates Your Conscious Reality” by Anil Seth. The appraisal model explores the speaker/writer's evaluation of certain occurrences, concepts and people in a form of his/her emotional responses, judgement and appreciation. Furthermore, it studies the speaker/writer's positioning to alternative viewpoints and alignment with the text's point of view. The aim of this thesis is to observe the use of appraisals in a contemporary form of a public speech, i.e. TED Talks. The further objective of this thesis is also to detect typical patterns in appraisal use within the genre of public speaking, specifically, within TED Talks which are known to have a set form and common features that distinguish them from other forms of speeches or academic lectures. Thus, this thesis aims to research ways in which the speakers of the selected TED Talks express themselves with the use of appraisals. Since all but one of the chosen five TED Talks are tagged as "Personal Growth" on the official TED web page, the purpose of the research is also to see whether there are any differences in appraisal use, more specifically in the use of affect between the TED Talks tagged as "Personal Growth" and the one which is not tagged as such and may therefore be more objective in its nature. Besides exploring attitudinal resources, the thesis also observes the occurrence of graduation resources and their prevalence, as well as the ways the speakers engage with their audience and their prevalence. The appraisal analysis of the selected TED Talks has proved the use of all attitudinal resources in the delivery of these talks. Furthermore, the analysis has shown that the chosen topics of TED Talks have an influence on the speakers' use of attitudes. Affect has a prominent role in most talks, however, the more the speaker tries to stay unbiased and objective, the more she or he avoids affect in relation to her-/himself and turns to appreciation. In addition, the speakers of the selected TED Talks tend to use graduation heavily in their narrative, force being the predominant graduation resource in all selected talks. Even though the analysis of engagement resources in the selected TED Talks showed the presence of dialogically expansive expressions to be more common in four out of five examined TED Talks, dialogically contractive expressions also occur frequently in the speakers' narratives, revealing the speakers' attempt to balance welcoming of alternative viewpoints and at the same time maintain self-assurance in their knowledge and beliefs by restricting other voices.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	jezik vrednotenja;TED govori;ocenjevanje;analiza jezika vrednotenja;diskurzna analiza;magistrska dela;Jezikoslovje;Retorika;Angleščina;Analiza diskurza;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Filozofska fak., Oddelek za angleški jezik in književnost
Strani:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (XII, 171 str.))
ID:	13848729