Seznanjenost žensk z dejavniki tveganja nastanka osteoporoze

(diplomsko delo)

Andreja Lajhar (Avtor), Ana Habjanič (Mentor), Miro Čokolič (Komentor)

Povzetek

Osteoporoza je sistemska bolezen okostja, za katero je značilna zmanjšana gostota kosti, ki lahko povzroči zlom že ob manjši obremenitvi. Je bolezen ljudi po 50. letu starosti, predvsem žensk. V diplomskem delu smo želeli predstaviti osteoporozo kot bolezen, izpostaviti dejavnike tveganja za nastanek osteoporoze (endokrini in genetski dejavniki tveganja, alkohol, kajenje, premalo kalcija in vitamina D v prehrani, telesna neaktivnost) in prikazati potrebe po zdravem načinu življenja za preprečitev osteoporoze. Medicinska sestra ima pri seznanjanju žensk z dejavniki tveganja nastanka osteoporoze pomembno vlogo, saj deluje na primarni, sekundarni in terciarni ravni zdravstvene vzgoje. Z učenjem in vzgojo mater prične že v porodnišnici, kjer jih opozarja na koristnost dojenja; v predšolskem in šolskem dispanzerju starše seznanja s pravilnim načinom prehranjevanja in pomenom gibanja otrok; v splošnih in specialističnih ambulantah ženske informira o dejavnikih tveganja, jih seznanja z možnostjo preiskave (denzitometrija), s katero uspešno odkrivamo osteoporozo še preden se le-ta pojavi. Ob potrjeni diagnozi se medicinska sestra vključi v zdravljenje. Usposablja ljudi, da bodo znali preprečiti povrnitev ali poslabšanje bolezni oziroma bodo z nastalo spremembo lahko kakovostno živeli. Z diplomskim delom smo želeli ugotoviti, v kolikšni meri so ženske seznanjene z dejavniki tveganja nastanka osteoporoze in prikazati potrebe po zdravem načinu življenja za preprečitev te bolezni. V ta namen je bila s pomočjo anketnih vprašalnikov izvedena raziskava. Sodelovalo je 82 naključno izbranih žensk. Pri tem smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela. Izkazalo se je, da ženske svoje znanje o osteoporozi ocenjujejo sorazmerno kritično čeprav je analiza rezultatov raziskave pokazala, da značilnosti osteoporoze širši javnosti niso dovolj znane. Velik odstotek anketirank ne pozna dejavnikov tveganja, ki povzročajo to bolezen. Kljub neosveščenosti žensk o dejavnikih tveganja za nastanek osteoporoze, pa so le-ti med njimi prisotni v nizkem odstotku. S svojim načinom življenja prav tako ne povečujejo tveganja za razvoj bolezni. Redke med njimi uživajo alkoholne pijače. Visok odstotek jih ne kadi in se redno giba. Poučene so tudi o zdravi prehrani.

Ključne besede

ženske;kosti;osteoporoza;dejavniki tveganja;zdravstvena vzgoja;medicinske sestre;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2010
Izvor:	Maribor
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FZV - Fakulteta za zdravstvene vede
Založnik:	[A. Lajhar]
UDK:	616.71-007.234
COBISS:	1636004
Št. ogledov:	2740
Št. prenosov:	309
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Women`s awareness of risk factor regarding the occurence of osteoporosis
Sekundarni povzetek:	Osteoporosis is a systemic disease of the skeleton, characterised by reduced bone density that can cause bone fracture even under slight strain. It is a disease of the people, aged over 50, and mostly women. In my diploma paper, I wished to present osteoporosis as a disease, highlight the risk factors for the occurrence of osteoporosis, (endocrine and genetic risk factors, alcohol, smoking, lack of calcium and vitamin D in nutrition, physical inactivity), and show the necessity for a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent osteoporosis. When acquainting women with the risk factors for the occurrence of osteoporosis, a nurse has an important role as he or she works on the primary, secondary, and tertiary level of health education. The education begins already at maternity hospitals where mothers are warned of the benefits of breastfeeding; then continues at pre-school and school dispensaries where parents are acquainted with the correct manner of nutrition and the significance of children’s exercising; following at general and specialist outpatient clinics where women are informed of the risk factors and are acquainted with the possibility of analysis (densitometry) with which we successfully establish osteoporosis before it even occurs. Upon confirmed diagnosis, a nurse is included in the treatment. He or she provides training to the people so that they will know how to prevent the reoccurrence or the aggravation of the disease or to lead a quality life with the occurred change. In my diploma paper, I wanted to establish to what extent women are aware of the risk factors for the occurrence of osteoporosis and show the necessity for a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent the disease. To this purpose, a research was conducted with questionnaires. Eighty-two randomly selected women took part in the research, in which a descriptive method was applied. It turned out that women evaluate their knowledge of osteoporosis with enough criticism. The analysis of the results of the research showed that the characteristics of osteoporosis are not known to the wider public well enough. A high percentage of the women questioned do not know the risk factors causing this disease. However, despite the women’s lack of awareness regarding these risk factors, the risk factors are present only in a small percentage of the women questioned. Their lifestyle does not enhance the risk for the disease to develop. Only few of them consume alcoholic beverages. A high percentage of them do not smoke and they exercise regularly. They have also been taught of healthy nutrition.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	women;bone;osteoporosis;risk factors;health education;nurse;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za zdravstvene vede
Strani:	VI, 85 f., 8 f. pril.
Ključne besede (UDK):	applied sciences;medicine;technology;uporabne znanosti;medicina;tehnika;medical sciences;medicina;pathology;clinical medicine;patologija;klinična medicina;pathology of the organs of locomotion;skeletal and locomotor systems;patologija lokomotoričnih organov;skelet in lokomotorični sistem;
ID:	14466