diplomsko delo
    	
    Povzetek
 
Uvod: Nekrotizirajoči enterokolitis je kritično zdravstveno stanje, ki se v večini primerov 
pojavi pri nedonošenčkih. Je najpogostejša in najbolj smrtonosna bolezen 
gastrointestinalnega trakta pri nedonošenčkih. Razdelimo ga v pet faz s pomočjo 
modificirane Bellove lestvice. Simptomi in znaki zajemajo napet trebuh, krvavo blato, 
neprenašanje hrane, bradikardijo, apnejo, termolabilnost, ileus in prost zrak v želodcu in 
črevesju. Namen: V diplomskem delu želimo predstaviti nekrotizirajoči enterokolitis, 
opisati specifiko obravnave novorojenčkov z nekrotizirajočim enterokolitisom, predstaviti 
znanje, ki ga medicinska sestra potrebuje za optimalno zdravstveno nego novorojenčka z 
nekrotizirajočim enterokolitisom in predstaviti ugotovitve publikacij, ki so raziskovale 
preventivne ukrepe in dejavnike tveganja za nekrotizirajoči enterokolitis. Metode dela:
Uporabljen je bil deskriptivni raziskovalni pristop s pregledom domače in tuje literature v 
slovenščini in v angleščini. Literatura je bila iskana v podatkovnih bazah Medline, Cinahl, 
DiKul, Pubmed in v spletnih portalih Google učenjak v času od februarja 2021 do 
novembra 2021. Uporabili smo 20 enot literature, na spletu dostopne članom Univerze v 
Ljubljani. Rezultati: Medicinske sestre morajo biti seznanjene z gastrointestinalnimi in 
sistemskimi znaki, preventivnim ukrepanjem in dejavniki tveganja za nekrotizirajoči 
enterokolitis. Večina raziskovalcev priznava nedonošenost in hranjenje z mlečno formulo 
kot dejavnike tveganja in preventivne strategije, kot so hranjenje izključno z materinim 
mlekom in uporabo standardiziranih načinov hranjenja. Nasprotujoča mnenja prevladujejo 
v povezavi z uporabo probiotikov in antibiotikov in aplikacijo transfuzije eritrocitov. 
Razprava in zaključek: Med preventivne ukrepe proti nekrotizirajočemu enterokolitisu 
uvrščamo hranjenje z materinim mlekom in uporabo standardiziranih režimov hranjenja, 
dejavniki tveganja pa predstavljajo nedonošenost, hranjenje z mlečno formulo. 
Nasprotujoča mnenja raziskovalcev se pojavijo na obeh področjih. Nekateri poudarijo tudi 
pomen komunikacije v interdisciplinarnem timu za zgodnje odkrivanje in zdravljenje 
nekrotizirajočega enterokolitisa. Nove raziskave potekajo na področju uporabe 
probiotikov, antenatalnih steroidov, imunoglobulinov in rastnih dejavnikov. Nekateri 
raziskovalci se osredotočajo tudi na posodobitev Bellove lestvice.
    Ključne besede
 
diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;nekrotizirajoči enterokolitis;vloga medicinske sestre;dejavniki tveganja;preventivno ukrepanje;
    Podatki
 
    
        
            | Jezik: | Slovenski jezik | 
        
        
            | Leto izida: | 2022 | 
            
        
        
            | Tipologija: | 2.11 - Diplomsko delo | 
            
        
            | Organizacija: | UL ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta | 
        
            | Založnik: | [T. Tomšič] | 
   
        
            | UDK: | 616-083 | 
   
        
        
            | COBISS: | 100675843   | 
        
        
  
        
            | Št. ogledov: | 363 | 
        
        
            | Št. prenosov: | 70 | 
        
        
            | Ocena: | 0 (0 glasov) | 
        
            | Metapodatki: |                       | 
    
    
    Ostali podatki
 
    
        
            | Sekundarni jezik: | Angleški jezik | 
        
        
            | Sekundarni naslov: | Newborn infant with necrotizing enterocolitis | 
        
        
        
            | Sekundarni povzetek: | Introduction: Necrotizing enterocolitis is a critical health status, which mostly occurs in 
premature infants. It is recognized as the most common and deadly gastrointestinal disease 
in preterm infants. Necrotizing enterocolitis can be divided in five stages of the disease 
according to modified Bell staging criteria. Symptoms and signs include abdominal 
distention, bloody stool, food intolerance, bradycardia, apnea, temperature instability, signs
of ileus and free gas in the abdomen and intestine. Purpose: The purpose is to present 
necrotizing enterocolitis and its treatment, to present knowledge, necessary for nurses 
taking care for newborns with necrotizing enterocolitis and to present findings of published 
articles, researching reventive strategies and risk factors of necrotizing enterocolitis. 
Methods: A descriptive research approach was used to review literature written in Slovene 
and English. Literature was searched by Medline, Cinahl, Dikul, Pubmed and Google 
Schoolar from February 2021 to November 2021. We used 20 units of literature, fully 
available online to members of University Ljubljana. Results: Nurses need to be aware of 
gastrointestinal and systemic signs, preventive strategies and risk factors regarding 
necrotising enterocolitis. Most researchers consider immaturity and formula feeding as risk 
factors and breast milk feeding and use of standardized feeding regimens as preventice 
strategies. However researchers dissagree on some risk factors and preventive strategies 
such as use of probiotics, antibiotics and red blood cell transfusion. Discussion and 
conclusion: Preventive strategies against necrotizing enterocolitis include breast milk 
feeding and implementation of standardised feeding regimens, however scientist have 
different opinions regarding use of probiotics. Risk factors include prematurity and 
formula feeding. Scientist have yet again contradictive views about red blood cell 
transfusion, maternal smoking, advancment of enteral feeding and congenital heart 
diseases. Some also emphasize the meaning of communication in interdisciplinary team for 
early recognition and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis. New studies are centred 
towards the use of probiotics, antenetal steroids, immunoglobulin and growth factors as 
preventive strategies. Some also give consideration to modifying Bell staging criteria or 
even replacing it. | 
        
        
            | Sekundarne ključne besede: | diploma theses;nursing care;necrotizing enterocolitis;nursing role;risk factors;prevention; | 
        
            
        
            | Vrsta dela (COBISS): | Diplomsko delo/naloga | 
        
        
            | Študijski program: | 0 | 
        
           
        
           
        
           
        
            | Konec prepovedi (OpenAIRE): | 1970-01-01 | 
        
           
        
            | Komentar na gradivo: | Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego | 
        
           
        
           
        
           
        
            | Strani: | 45 str. | 
        
           
        
           
        
           
        
           
        
           
        
           
        
           
        
           
        
          
        
          
        
          
        
         
        
         
        
        
            | ID: | 14728244 |