magistrsko delo
Povzetek
Organizirani kriminal v Sloveniji in v svetu je v zadnjem desetletju, še zlasti pa v zadnjih letih, prešel skozi intenzivne procese transformacije. Slovenske kriminalne združbe so tesno povezane in odvisne od dejavnikov in procesov, ki se odvijajo na Zahodnem Balkanu in tamkajšnjih tihotapskih poteh. Srednja balkanska pot je bila zgodovinsko vezana na evropski del dolge tihotapske poti, ki je iz Afganistana, preko Irana in Turčije oskrbovala evropske ilegalne trge s heroinom in drugimi opiati. Na njej so prevladovale tesno povezane in klansko strukturirane organizirane kriminalne združbe, ki so delovale kot posrednik med azijskimi in bližnje-vzhodnimi kriminalnimi združbami ter kriminalnimi združbami na Zahodu. Slovenija zaradi svojih zgodovinskih, kulturnih, ekonomskih, političnih in etničnih vezi z območjem Zahodnega Balkana predstavlja po letu 2004 pomembno vstopno in tranzitno točko za ilegalne tokove v EU. Transportne tokove po srednji balkanski poti spodbujajo številni dejavniki, med katerimi še posebej izstopajo: relativno dobra prometna infrastruktura, ki povezuje dolino Vardarja v Makedoniji na jugu s Karavanškim predorom v Sloveniji na severu, in s tem celotno območje nekdanje skupne države; kolektivni spomin na nekdanji skupni gospodarski in politični prostor; pomanjkanje oziroma zelo postopna izgradnja jasnih nacionalnih identitet in meja v zavesti ter navadah ljudi. Širitev evroatlantskih povezav v Romunijo in Bolgarijo in sočasna izolacija celotnega prostora Zahodnega Balkana z izjemo Slovenije in Hrvaške, od omenjenih procesov so povzročili premik tihotapskih poti in prisilili organizirane kriminalne združbe na tem območju k večji fleksibilnosti.
Balkansko pot še vedno v veliki meri opredeljuje tihotapljenje različnih vrst prepovedanih drog iz Bližnjega vzhoda in Turčije v Evropo in obratno. Trg prepovedanih drog je v nenehni evoluciji in v dobršni meri podvržen priljubljenosti uživanja posameznih vrst prepovedanih drog. Problematika prepovedanih drog kokaina in konoplje v Sloveniji narašča, medtem ko vloga in pomen heroina stagnira. V porastu je organizirana pridelava in proizvodnja hidroponično gojene konoplje in njenih derivatov.
Kriminalni posli na mednarodnih tihotapskih poteh prinašajo velike dobičke, posamezniki razpolagajo z velikimi količinami premoženja ilegalnega izvora, katerega skušajo plasirati na različne načine v legalne posle in ga na ta način »oprati«. Dolgotrajna gospodarska kriza s katero sta povezana upad povpraševanja in kreditni krč izpostavljata ranljive gospodarske panoge in podjetja penetraciji s strani organiziranega kriminala. Gospodarstvo in podjetja dobijo prepotrebna finančna sredstva vodilni člani kriminalnih združba pa na tak način legalizirajo svoje premoženje ter pridobijo družbeni status in veljavo, ki jim v končni fazi dovoljuje tudi vplivati na družbeno-politične procese v državi ter na posameznike in ustanove katere jih predstavljajo oz. zastopajo.
Ključne besede
organizirana kriminaliteta;droge;tihotapstvo;magistrska dela;
Podatki
Jezik: |
Slovenski jezik |
Leto izida: |
2012 |
Izvor: |
[Ljubljana |
Tipologija: |
2.09 - Magistrsko delo |
Organizacija: |
UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede |
Založnik: |
B. Blažina] |
UDK: |
343.341:613.83 |
COBISS: |
2403306
|
Št. ogledov: |
2579 |
Št. prenosov: |
500 |
Ocena: |
0 (0 glasov) |
Metapodatki: |
|
Ostali podatki
Sekundarni jezik: |
Angleški jezik |
Sekundarni naslov: |
DRUG TRAFFICKING AND ORGANISED CRIME IN SLOVENIA |
Sekundarni povzetek: |
In Slovenia and world-wide, organised crime has gone through an intensive process of transformation in the last decade, and in particular in the last years. Slovenian organised crime groups are closely connected and dependent from factors and processes, which take place in the Western Balkans and on the smuggling routes there. The central Balkan route was historically linked to European part of the smuggling route that provided European illegal markets with heroin and other opiates from Afghanistan through Iran and Turkey. On this route, closely connected organised crime groups, that were structured as clans, acted as agents between Asian, Middle Eastern and Western criminal associations, were prevalent. After 2004, due to its historical, economic, political and ethnical ties with the Western Balkans area, Slovenia represents an important entry and transit point for illegal flows into the EU. The transport flows on the central Balkan route are facilitated by numerous factors, among which: relatively good traffic infrastructure, connecting the Vardar valley in Macedonia in the south with the Karavanke tunnel in Slovenia in the north, i.e. the whole area of former Yugoslavia; collective memory of the former common economic and political area; lack or very gradual forming of clear national identities and borders in the awareness and habits of people. Extending Euro-Atlantic connections to Romania and Bulgaria and simultaneous isolation of Western Balkans with the exception of Slovenia and Croatia caused a shift in smuggling routes and forced the organised crime groups in this area to become more flexible.
The Balkan route is still largely defined by smuggling of various illicit drugs from the Middle East and Turkey to Europe and vice-versa. The illicit drug market is constantly developing and is considerably subjected to the popularity of consummation of certain types of illicit drugs.
Criminal businesses on international smuggling routes make considerable profits and the persons dispose of substantial amount of illegally obtained assets that they try to invest in legal businesses and to »launder« it in this way. The long-lasting economic crisis, connected to the decline in demand and to the credit crunch makes vulnerable economic activities and companies exposed to the penetration of organised crime. Economy and companies get the funds they need and the leading members in organised crime groups legalize their assets and acquire social status and reputation, which allows them to influence the social and political processes in the country and the persons and institutions representing them. |
URN: |
URN:SI:UM: |
Vrsta dela (COBISS): |
Magistrsko delo/naloga |
Komentar na gradivo: |
Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana |
Strani: |
67 str. |
Ključne besede (UDK): |
social sciences;družbene vede;law;jurisprudence;pravo;pravoznanstvo;criminal law;penal offences;kazensko pravo;kazniva dejanja;offences against the state;applied sciences;medicine;technology;uporabne znanosti;medicina;tehnika;medical sciences;medicina;hygiene generally;personal health and hygiene;higiena splošno;osebno zdravje in higiena;health and hygiene of the nervous system;health and ethics;zdravje in higiena živčevja;zdravje in etika;odvisnosti; |
ID: |
14834 |