Problematika neformalnega nadzorstva in formiranje družbene iniciative

Štajerska varda

Domen Čerin (Avtor), Aleš Bučar-Ručman (Mentor), Simon Slokan (Komentor)

Povzetek

Neformalno nadzorstvo se v družbi pogosto pojavlja. Običajno v kriznih situacijah zaradi bojazni pred nevarnostjo, nezaupanja pristojnim organom ali pa mišljenja, da le- te svojega dela ne opravljajo dovolj dobro. V času II. svetovne vojne smo bili priča pojavu neformalnih vaških straž, paravojaških enot, ki so se formirale s pomočjo okupacijske oblasti. Namenjene so bile boju proti uporniškem partizanskem gibanju. Sprva je bila to italijanska Prostovoljna protikomunistična milica, ki se je kasneje pod nemško okupacijo razvila v slovensko domobranstvo. Podobnim enotam smo bili priča tudi od začetka nacionalsocializma, ko je imela Nacionalsocialistična nemška delavska stranka (NSDAP) privatne vojaške enote SA ali Sturmabteilung, pri nas pa smo jim rekli jurišniki ali jurišne čete. V demokratični družbi se združenja, ki želijo pritiskati na odločevalce in pozvati k spremembi, oblikujejo kot različne vrste družbenih iniciativ. Imamo civilno iniciativo, ki je popolnoma neformalna skupina ljudi, ki skupaj poziva k spremembi na krajevnem, občinskem ali državnem območju, lahko pa tudi širše. Ljudska iniciativa pa je formalno združenje, ki je tudi zakonsko utemeljeno. Je orožje demokratične družbe, ki izraža nezadovoljstvo ljudi in spodbuja k določeni spremembi. V Sloveniji se je pojavilo združenje pod imenom Štajerska varda – »civilna iniciativa«, ki naj bi bila v pomoč pristojnim organom ob varovanju državne meje. Problematika te formacije je bila predvsem zunanji izgled in način njihovega sporočanja in komuniciranja z družbo. Skupina uniformiranih posameznikov s hladnim in strelnim orožjem ima več skupnega s para vojaškimi enotami, kot so vaške straže ali jurišne čete, kot pa s civilno ali katero drugo družbeno iniciativo. Ob širšem pogledu na delovanje takšne enote in uresničevanju njihovih idej je regulacija in omejitev takšnih grupacij postala ena izmed prioritet države. Kot poskus zaustavitve je bilo izvedenih več postopkov, kot so sprememba Zakona o nadzoru državne meje, sodba zoper ustanovitelja Štajerske varde in sprememba Zakona o orožju. V diplomski nalogi smo tako predstavili ves vidik, od razvoja ljudskih iniciativ, do problematike neformalnega nadzorstva. Kot opredelitev, kakšne vrste organizacija je Štajerska vara, pa smo v zaključku naredili primerjavo med vardo, paravojaškimi enotami in ljudskimi iniciativami in tako ugotovili, kaj imajo te formacije skupnega in česa ne.

Ključne besede

diplomske naloge;Štajerska varda;civilna iniciativa;družbena iniciativa;ljudska iniciativa;paravojaška enota;neformalno nadzorstvo;vaška straža;jurišne čete;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2022
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	[D. Čerin]
UDK:	355.099(043.2)
COBISS:	102269187
Št. ogledov:	84
Št. prenosov:	17
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Problems of informal supervision and the formation of a social initiative - Štajerska varda
Sekundarni povzetek:	Informal social control often occurs in society. Usually in crisis situations due to fear of danger, mistrust of the authorities or the opinion that the authorities are not doing their job well enough. During the World War II, we witnessed the emergence of informal village guards, which were formed with the help of the occupying power. They were intended to fight the rebel partisan movement. Initially, it was the Italian Voluntary Anti-Communist Militia, which later developed into the Slovene Home Guard under the authority of German occupation forces. Similar units have appeared in the beginning of National Socialism, when the NSDAP party had private military units SA or Sturmabteilung. In English they were called stormtroopers. In a democratic society, associations that wish to put pressure on decision-makers and call for a change are formed as different types of social initiatives. There is a civil initiative, which is a completely informal group of people who together call for a change in the local or state area. The People's Initiative is a formal association, which is legally grounded. It is a weapon of a democratic society that expresses people's dissatisfaction and encourages a certain change. An association called Štajerska varda – “a civil initiative” has appeared in Slovenia, which was supposed to help the authorities in protecting the state border. The problem of this formation was mainly the external appearance and the way of their communication with society. A group of uniformed individuals with cold weapons and firearms has more in common with a paramilitary unit such as village troops than a civil or any other social initiative. Considering a broader view of the operation of such a unit and making ideas a reality, regulation and limitation of such groups became one of the country's priorities. In an attempt to stop it, several proceedings were carried out, such as an amendment to the State Border Control Act, a verdict against the founder of the Štajerska varda and an amendment to the Weapons Act. In the diploma thesis the whole aspect is presented, from the development of people's initiatives to the issue of informal supervision. With the definition of what kind of organization Štajerska varda is, a comparison is made in the end between the varda, paramilitary units and people's initiatives, and thus it is found out what these formations have or do not have in common.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	Štajerska varda;civil initiative;social initiative;people's initiative;paramilitary unit;informal supervision;village guard;stormtroopers;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani:	X, [45] str.
ID:	14843724