magistrsko delo
Povzetek
Namen magistrskega dela je analiza značilnosti nalog, ki vplivajo na učenčevo uspešnost pri reševanju nalog v okolju Pišek. Za ta namen smo z uporabo metode strojnega učenja analizirali dosežke učencev iz tretjega poskusnega ACM šolskega tekmovanja Pišek.
V teoretičnem delu magistrske naloge smo predstavili razvoj računalniškega mišljenja učencev ob programiranju z delčki. Opisali smo prednosti učenja programiranja in navedli računalniške, psihološke in pedagoške veščine, ki jih učenci med učenjem programiranja razvijajo. Predstavili smo značilnosti okolij za programiranje z delčki in jih primerjali z značilnostmi tekstovnih programskih okolij. Navedli in opisali smo programske koncepte. S povezovanjem programskih konceptov na različne načine ustvarjamo programe, zato so programski koncepti osnovni gradniki programov. S programskimi koncepti, ki nastopajo v pričakovanih rešitvah tekmovalnih nalog, smo opisali naloge iz tretjega poskusnega tekmovanja Pišek. Predhodno smo za ta namen na osnovi nabora programskih konceptov, ki ga je oblikoval svet tekmovanja Pišek, zasnovali nabor konceptov ustrezen za opisovanje nalog iz tretjega poskusnega tekmovanja Pišek. V nadaljevanju smo na programsko kodo pogledali z vidika programskih vzorcev, ki predstavljajo programske rešitve za ponavljajoče algoritmične probleme. Poiskali smo osnovne primere programskih vzorcev za koncept ponavljanja in izbire. S ciljem, da bi opisali dejansko stanje na področju poučevanja uvodnega programiranja v Sloveniji, smo naredili pregled vključenosti vsebin programiranja v slovenskih učnih načrtih in v okvirju K-12 CS, ki je osnova najbolje uveljavljenih in sprejetih učnih načrtov za računalništvo. Ukvarjali smo se s pomenom tekmovanj in opisali tekmovanja iz programiranja, ki se trenutno izvajajo v Sloveniji. Podrobneje smo opisali tekmovanje v programiranju z delčki Pišek, ki je namenjeno spodbujanju zanimanja učencev za programiranje in razvoju programerskih spretnosti ter premostitvi razlik v številu udeležencev med tekmovanjem Bober iz računalniškega mišljenja in tekmovanjem RTK iz informatike in računalništva. Na konkretnih primerih tekmovalnih nalog smo opisali osnovne značilnosti nalog, in sicer programske koncepte, predstavitvene oblike nalog, otežitve programskega okolja in zahtevane pristope za reševanje programerskih problemov. V empiričnem delu smo preverili vpliv prvih treh značilnosti na dosežek učenca na tekmovanju.
V empiričnem delu smo z izračunom indeksa težavnosti in indeksa diskriminativnosti za vsako tekmovalno skupino ocenili, katere naloge so učenci najbolje in katere najslabše rešili ter katere naloge najbolje ločijo med dosežki učencev. V nadaljevanju smo za vsako tekmovalno skupino izgradili modele strojnega učenja, naključni gozdovi. Za ciljno spremenljivko v napovednih modelih smo uporabili dosežek učenca in za neodvisne napovedne spremenljivke dosežek učenca pri nalogah, ki se ujemajo v programskih konceptih v rešitvah nalog, v predstavitvenih oblikah nalog (naloge na mreži, želvja grafika, vhodno-izhodne naloge) ali v otežitvah programskega okolja (omejeno število delčkov, razširjen nabor delčkov, testi). Z oceno pomembnosti napovednih spremenljivk v napovednih modelih smo odkrili, da imajo oblike nalog in otežitve programskega okolja podoben vpliv na dosežke učencev na tretjem poskusnem tekmovanju Pišek. Z analizo težavnosti programskih konceptov smo ugotovili, da sta lahko dve nalogi, katerih rešitvi vsebujeta enake koncepte, različno zahtevni za reševanje, ker so koncepti med seboj različno povezani in tvorijo različne t.i. programske vzorce. V prihodnje bomo še natančneje raziskali vpliv pričakovanih programskih vzorcev v rešitvah nalog na napoved uspeha učenca na tekmovanju Pišek.
Ključne besede
računalniška tekmovanja;tekmovanje Pišek;programiranje z delčki;programski koncepti;predstavitvene oblike nalog;otežitve programskega okolja;
Podatki
Jezik: |
Slovenski jezik |
Leto izida: |
2022 |
Tipologija: |
2.09 - Magistrsko delo |
Organizacija: |
UL PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta |
Založnik: |
[I. Jelenec] |
UDK: |
004.4(043.2) |
COBISS: |
109566467
|
Št. ogledov: |
0 |
Št. prenosov: |
0 |
Ocena: |
0 (0 glasov) |
Metapodatki: |
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Ostali podatki
Sekundarni jezik: |
Angleški jezik |
Sekundarni naslov: |
Analysis of the Pišek competition results through the understanding of programming concepts, task formats and programming environment difficulties |
Sekundarni povzetek: |
The aim of this master thesis is to analyze the task characteristics that influence students' performance in solving tasks in the Pišek environment. To this end, we analyzed student performance in the third ACM School Pišek competition using machine learning methods.
In the theoretical part of the master's thesis, we presented the development of students' computational thinking skills in programming. We have described the advantages of programming and listed the computational, psychological and pedagogical skills that students develop while learning programming. We have presented the features of block-based visual programming environments and compared them with those of text-based programming environments. We listed and described programming concepts because knowledge of these concepts is critical to analyzing the data we collected. Programming concepts are basic building blocks that are linked together in various ways to create a program. Examples of programming concepts are: Sequence, Loop, Condition, Variable. We have described the competition tasks using programming concepts based on the expected solutions. For this purpose, we have previously designed a set of concepts suitable for describing the tasks of the third Pišek Experimental Competition, based on the set of programming concepts developed by the Pišek Competition Committee. Below, we looked at programming code at a higher taxonomic level and found basic examples of programming patterns for iterations. Programming patterns are software solutions to recurring algorithmic problems.
To describe the current state of programming education in Slovenia, we examined the inclusion of programming content in Slovenian curricula and in the K-12 framework for computer science education, which forms the basis of most established and accepted computer science curricula. We focused on the importance of competitions and described the programming competitions currently held in Slovenia. We have described in more detail the block-based Pišek Programming Competition, which aims to stimulate students' interest in programming and develop their programming skills, and to close the gap in the number of participants between the Bebras Competition in Computational Thinking and the RTK Competition in Programing. Using specific examples of the competition tasks, we described the basic features of the tasks, namely programming concepts, task representations, complexity of the programming environment, and required approaches to solving programming problems. In the empirical part, we tested the influence of the first three features on students' performance in the competition.
In the empirical part, we evaluated which tasks students solved best and worst by calculating a difficulty index and a discriminability index for each competition group, and which tasks discriminated best between students' performances. We then created machine learning models, Random Forests, for each competition group. In the predictive models, we used student performance as the outcome variable. As independent predictor variables, we used the derived concept variables indicating the presence of the selected concept in the successfully solved tasks, the opsini covariates on the task formats, and the difficulty of the programming environment. The task formats are: Moving a Figure on a Grid, Performing Tasks, Turtle Graphics, and Input-Output Tasks. Factors that increase the difficulty are the limited number of blocks and the use of tests in the solutions. In evaluating the importance of the predictor variables in the predictive models, we found that the task formats and difficulty factors have a similar influence on student performance in the third Pišek competition. In analyzing the influence of mastery of programming concepts, we found that two tasks whose solutions contain identical concepts can be of different difficulty.
In future work, we will investigate the influence of expected programming patterns on predicting student performance in the Pišek competition. |
Sekundarne ključne besede: |
Računalništvo;Računalniško programiranje;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela; |
Vrsta datoteke: |
application/pdf |
Vrsta dela (COBISS): |
Magistrsko delo/naloga |
Komentar na gradivo: |
Univ. v Ljubljani, Pedagoška fak., Poučevanje, Predmetno poučevanje |
Strani: |
117 str. |
ID: |
15467685 |