Vprašanje prezrtja spremembe pri preiskovanju kaznivih dejanj

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študija

Povzetek

Poznavanje povezanosti med zaznavanjem, spominom in pozornostjo ter njihovih pomanjkljivosti, je ključnega pomena za opredeljevanje verodostojnosti pričanja očividcev in osumljencev kaznivih dejanj. V teoretičnem delu diplomske naloge so opredeljeni proces zaznavanja, delovanje spomina kot del zaznavanja in pozornost, ki omogoča, da se ukvarjamo le s pomembnim delom informacij iz okolja. Nadaljevanje naloge obsega dejavnike, ki vplivajo na pričanje, kjer smo izpostavili vpliv spola in starosti na zaznavanje in delovanje spomina. Podrobneje smo opredelili tudi pojem prezrtja spremembe, kot izhodiščne teme za izdelavo eksperimenta. Z izvedbo eksperimenta smo skušali ugotoviti razliko med spoloma in v starosti pri zaznavi sprememb v vizualni okolici. Sodelovalo je 8 moških in 7 žensk, v starostnem razponu med 18 in 84 leti. Udeležence, ki so bili naključni mimoidoči, smo na ulici spraševali za pot do bližnje stavbe. Po približno 15 sekundah pogovora sta se med mimoidočim in sogovorcem sprehodila dva druga igralca, ki sta nosila veliko iverno ploščo. Med to interakcijo smo izvedli zamenjavo prvega sogovornika s četrtim igralcem, ki je hodil vzporedno z nosilcema iverne plošče. Rezultati so pokazali, da je le tretjina mimoidočih opazilo zamenjavo sogovornika. Preostali, ki spremembe niso zaznali, so nadaljevali s pogovorom, kot da se ni nič zgodilo. Večinoma so bile ženske tiste, ki so opazile spremembo, prav tako so pri opisovanju le-te navedle več podrobnosti kot moški. Spremembe niso zaznali posamezniki, starejši od 40 let ali mlajši od 30 let. Tisti, ki spremembo so zaznali, so bili stari med 30 in 40 let.

Ključne besede

kazniva dejanja;preiskovanje;pričanje;očividci;zaznavanje;zmotne zaznave;spomin;pozornost;diplomske naloge;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2012
Izvor:	[Ljubljana
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	T. Primc]
UDK:	159.937(043.2)
COBISS:	2541802
Št. ogledov:	1270
Št. prenosov:	181
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni povzetek:	Knowing the relationship between perception, memory and attention as well as their shortcomings, is a key feature to define the credibility of eyewitness testimonies. The theoretical part of this thesis defines the process of perception, memory function as part of perception and attention, which allows us to deal only with a significant part of information from the environment. The continuation of the thesis encompasses factors that influence the testimony, where we have highlighted the influence of gender and age on the perception and memory function. We specifically define the concept of change blindness, as a baseline topic for making the experiment. By carrying out the experiment, we tried to determine the difference between sexes and age in the perception of changes in visual surroundings. A total of 8 male and 7 female, ranging in age between 18 and 84 years, were participating. We asked the participants, who were random pedestrians, for directions to a nearby building. After about 15 seconds of conversation between the experimenter and pedestrian, two other experimenters carrying a big chipboard passed between them. During this interaction, the fourt experimenter who was walking parallel to the holders of chipborad, switched place with the first experimenter and continued with asking for directions. The results showed that only one third of pedestrians noticed the replacement of experimenter. Those who did not notice the change continued the conversation as if nothing had hapened. Those who noticed the change were mostly women and when they were describing it, they also gave more details than man did. The change was not detected by individuals older than 40 years or younger than 30 years. Those who noticed the replacement were aged between 30 and 40 years.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	perception;attention;change blindness;eyewitness testimony;gender differences;age differences;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani:	46 str.
Ključne besede (UDK):	philosophy;psychology;filozofija;psihologija;psychology;psihologija;sensation;sensory perception;občutek;čutna zaznava;
ID:	15485