Zdravstvena obravnava urgentnih stanj pri pacientu s shizofrenijo

diplomsko delo

Katarina Cugmas (Avtor), Robert Sotler (Recenzent), Aljoša Lapanja (Mentor)

Povzetek

Shizofrenija je kompleksna duševna motnja, za katero so značilni številni simptomi, ki jih v grobem delimo na pozitivne (blodnje, halucinacije), negativne (socialni umik in depresija) ter kognitivne (neorganizirano mišljenje, zanikanje lastne bolezni ali slab uvid vanjo, motnje mentalnih in emocionalnih procesov, ki vodijo v težave pri vsakodnevnem življenju). Namen: Podrobno predstaviti shizofrenijo in raziskati, katera urgentna stanja se pri teh pacientih pogosteje pojavljajo, kako poteka njihova obravnava, kadar so življenjsko ogroženi, ter ugotoviti, kakšno vlogo imajo pri tem izvajalci zdravstvene nege. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo s pregledom domače in tuje literature ter pregledom elektronskih virov. Literatura je bila iskana v angleškem in slovenskem jeziku. Vključeni sta bili strokovna in znanstvena literatura, iz katerih smo izključili diplomska in magistrska dela ter članke, starejše od desetletja. Iskanje in pregledovanje literature je trajalo od junija do maja 2022. Iskali smo jo s pomočjo oddaljenega dostopa Univerze v Ljubljani v podatkovnih bazah MedLine, CINAHL, COBIB, z uporabo brskalnikov Science Direct, Google učenjak, PubMed. Rezultati: Med urgentna stanja se uvrščajo duševne motnje z odklonom, ki ogrožajo katerokoli življenje, zato je treba pacientu nuditi takojšnjo pomoč. Cilj urgentne intervencije je oceniti pacienta z duševno motnjo in opredeliti problem, posredovati ugotovitve ter pacienta napotiti na nadaljnjo obravnavo. Razprava in zaključek: S pregledom strokovne literature smo raziskali tri urgentna stanja, s katerimi se spoprijema pacient s shizofrenijo. Izvajalci zdravstvene nege imajo pri tem pomembno vlogo, pri čemer so najpomembnejše aktivnosti za zagotavljanje varnosti: uporaba deeskalacijskih tehnik, oblikovanje terapevtskega odnosa in metoda zadnjega izbora, to je uporaba posebnih varovalnih ukrepov. Potrebno je stremeti k metodam, s katerimi se pacienta dodatno ne vznemirja in pri čemer je osrednji cilj doseči njegovo sodelovanje v obravnavi. Za dosego tega cilja morajo izvajalci zdravstvene nege imeti obilico empatije, spoštovanja, potrebnega znanja, biti morajo zaupanja vredni, neobsojajoči, skratka osebe, pri katerih se bo pacient s shizofrenijo počutil varno in sprejeto.

Ključne besede

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;nujna stanja;duševna motnja;blodnje;halucinacije;antipsihotiki;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2022
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UL ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
Založnik:	[K. Cugmas]
UDK:	616-083
COBISS:	120533251
Št. ogledov:	32
Št. prenosov:	7
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Health treatment of emergencies in a patient with schizophrenia
Sekundarni povzetek:	Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder characterized by a number of symptoms, which can be roughly divided into positive (delusions, hallucinations), negative (social withdrawal and depression) and cognitive (disorganized thinking, denial of one's illness or poor insight into it, disorders of mental and emotional processes that lead to problems in everyday life) Purpose: To present schizophrenia in detail and to investigate which emergency conditions occur more often in these patients, how they are treated when they are life-threatening, and to find out what role nursing providers play in this process. Methods of work: We used a descriptive method with a review of domestic and foreign literature and a review of electronic sources. Literature was searched in English and Slovenian. Professional and scientific literature were included, from which we excluded diploma and master's theses and articles older than a decade. The search and review of the literature lasted from June to May 2022. We searched for it with the help of remote access with the account of the University of Ljubljana in the databases MedLine, CINAHL, COBIB, using the browsers Science Direct, Google scholar, PubMed. Results: Emergency conditions include mental disorders with deviation, which threaten any life, so the patient must be given immediate help. The goal of emergency intervention is to assess a patient with a mental disorder and define the problem, convey the findings and refer the patient for further treatment. Discussion and conclusion: By reviewing the professional literature, we investigated three emergency situations that patients with schizophrenia have to deal with. Nursing care providers play an important role in this, and the most important activities for ensuring safety are the use of de-escalation techniques, the formation of a therapeutic relationship and the method of last resort, and the use of special protective measures. It is necessary to strive for methods with which the patient is not additionally agitated, while the central goal is to achieve his cooperation in the treatment. To achieve this goal, nursing providers must have a lot of empathy, respect, the necessary knowledge, they must be trustworthy, non-judgmental, in short, people with whom the patient with schizophrenia will feel safe and accepted.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	diploma theses;nursing care;emergencies;mental disorder;delusions;hallucinations;antipsychotics;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Študijski program:	0
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Strani:	34 str.
ID:	16391487