magistrsko delo
Povzetek
Magistrsko delo vsebinsko obravnava modele determinacije spolnih deliktov skozi teoretični, komparativni in praktični vidik. Analiza je sprva usmerjena v zgodovinsko najstarejši model prisile, ki temelji na tradicionalnem dojemanju spolnega ravnanja kot nasilnega dogodka, storjenega s strani popolnega neznanca. Za izpolnitev biti kaznivega dejanja spolnega nasilja ali posilstva je model prisile zahteval določeno t. i. prisilitveno ravnanje, ki se je v slovenskem prostoru manifestiralo v obliki sile ali grožnje, hkrati je morala žrtev izkazati enakovreden upor ali pa je kot tak moral biti pričakovan in strt. Žrtvin upor je simboliziral nestrinjanje z neželenim spolnim ravnanjem. Vsi teoretični napori in tendence po zajemanju širšega družbenega dogajanja na področju spolnosti, ki jih model prisile ni mogel kaznovati zaradi žrtvine pasivnosti, presenečenj ali zvijač, so vodili v razvoj modela soglasja, ki se deli na model prepoznavne zavrnitve in model afirmativnega soglasja. Prvo omenjeni zahteva izrecno izraženo nesoglasje do določenega spolnega ravnanja, model afirmativnega soglasja, ki je po najnovejši novelirani ureditvi KZ-1H uzakonjen tudi v slovenskem katalogu spolnih deliktov, v svoji zakonski biti zahteva izrecno podano soglasje za določeno spolno ravnanje – odsotnost tega imperativa nujno vzpostavi kaznivost. Izpostavljeni modeli determinacije spolnih deliktov so nadrobno predstavljeni, proučeni in medsebojno primerjani, izpostavljene so njihove glavne prednosti in največje slabosti, skozi vzporedno revizijo sodne prakse. Cilj magistrskega dela ni zgolj teoretična in primerjalna analiza, zato je finalno razprava usmerjena k podrobnemu pregledu inkriminacije kaznivega dejanja spolnega nasilja in posilstva v Republiki Sloveniji skozi prizmo modela prisile in modela afirmativnega soglasja. Prikazani so nadrobnejši pregled ureditve spolnih deliktov, prednosti in slabosti posamezne inkriminacije ter kakšna bi bila optimalna razvojna pot za slovenski prostor z gledišča nadaljnjega noveliranja. Ugotovljeno je, da je bil model afirmativnega soglasja v slovensko kazensko pravo sprejet po izrazito politični poti in da konkretnejše strokovne razprave ter premislekov ni bil deležen, zato je nastala posledica, ki je v delu izpostavljena kot temeljna dilema: ali tvegati nekaznovanje določenih situacij in ohraniti vse dognane postulate pravne države ali žrtvovati pravno varnost in temeljne stebre sodobne pravne države za kaznovanje vseh možnih spolnih situacij. Katalog spolnih deliktov je kritiziran tudi z vidika sistemskih anomalij, do katerih je slovenski zakonodajalec že vrsto let povsem indiferenten in jih zaradi določenih tradicionalnih percepcij ne želi izločiti iz inkriminacij. Magistrsko delo skuša skozi teoretično in praktično razpravo podati odgovor na vprašanje, kateri model je najustreznejši, kateremu se je smiselno izogniti ter končno kakšne so možnosti kombiniranja posameznih konceptov za pridobitev najboljše možne ureditve spolnih deliktov, z gledišča zajetja celotne družbene spolne pestrosti, ob sočasnem varovanju pravne varnosti in temeljnih (kazensko) pravnih načel v slovenskem pravnem prostoru.
Ključne besede
spolnost;spolna samoodločba;posilstvo;spolno nasilje;»ja pomeni ja«;»ne pomeni ne«;modela soglasja;model prisile;politična reforma;širjenje cone kaznivosti.;
Podatki
Jezik: |
Slovenski jezik |
Leto izida: |
2022 |
Tipologija: |
2.09 - Magistrsko delo |
Organizacija: |
UM PF - Pravna fakulteta |
Založnik: |
[T. Pušnik] |
UDK: |
347.736:347.952(043.3) |
COBISS: |
142768131
|
Št. ogledov: |
20 |
Št. prenosov: |
6 |
Ocena: |
0 (0 glasov) |
Metapodatki: |
|
Ostali podatki
Sekundarni jezik: |
Angleški jezik |
Sekundarni naslov: |
Models of the determination of sexual delicts and the genesis of criminalization of rape and sexual violence through their prism |
Sekundarni povzetek: |
The master's thesis discusses the models of determining sexual offences through the theoretical, comparative and practical aspect. The analysis initially focuses on the oldest model, i.e., the coercion model, which is based on the traditional perception of a sexual offence as an act of violence performed by a total stranger. In order to be considered a criminal offence of sexual violence or rape, the coercion model required some sort of coercive behaviour; in the Slovenian setting, this was manifested in the form of force or threat. At the same time, the victim had to demonstrate equal resistance or the latter had to be anticipated and crushed. The victim's resistance symbolized opposition to the unwanted sexual act. All the theoretical efforts and tendencies towards encompassing wider social events related to sexuality, which the coercion model could not penalize due to the victim's passiveness, surprises or tricks, have led to the development of the model of consent, which is further divided into the model of explicit refusal and the model of affirmative consent. The former demands explicit opposition to a specific sexual act; the model of affirmative consent, which has also been enacted in the Slovenian catalogue of sexual offences pursuant to the latest amendment to the Criminal Code (KZ-1H), demands explicit consent to a specific sexual act – the absence of this imperative establishes criminality. The highlighted models of determining sexual offences are thoroughly presented, examined and compared with one another; their main advantages and drawbacks are highlighted through a parallel review of case law. The aim of the master's thesis is not a mere theoretical and comparative analysis, which is why the final discussion focuses on a thorough review of the incrimination of the criminal offence of sexual violence and rape in the Republic of Slovenia through the prism of the coercion model and the model of affirmative consent. It provides a detailed review of the laws governing sexual offences, demonstrates the advantages and drawbacks of each incrimination, and the optimal development path for Slovenia from the perspective of further amendments. It has been determined that the model of affirmative consent was adopted in Slovenian criminal law in a highly political way, without undergoing a thorough expert discussion and reflection. This has led to the basic dilemma highlighted in the thesis: should we risk impunity for certain situations and preserve all the established postulates of the rule of law, or should we sacrifice legal certainty and the fundamental pillars of the modern rule of law in order to penalize all potential sexual situations? The catalogue of sexual offences is also being criticized with regard to the systemic anomalies to which the Slovenian legislator has been indifferent for many years now, not willing to exclude them from incriminations due to certain traditional perceptions. Through a theoretical and practical discussion, the master's thesis attempts to answer the question as to which model is the most suitable, which should be avoided and, finally, how individual concepts could be combined to gain the best possible sexual offences legislation which would encompass the entire sexual diversity in society while protecting legal certainty and the fundamental principles of (criminal) law in the Slovenian legal system. |
Sekundarne ključne besede: |
sexuality;sexual self-determination;rape;sexual violence;"yes means yes";"no means no";models of consent;coercion model;political reform;expansion of the criminality zone.;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela; |
Vrsta dela (COBISS): |
Magistrsko delo/naloga |
Komentar na gradivo: |
Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak. |
Komentar vira: |
Sistemske zahteve: Acrobat reader |
Sistemski komentar: |
Sistemske zahteve: Acrobat reader |
Strani: |
1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (110 str.)) |
ID: |
17065705 |