magistrsko delo
Povzetek
Ključni problem investicijskega odločanja je, ali podjetje investicijo sprejme ali ne oziroma kateri projekt sprejme in katerega ne. V magistrskem delu smo želeli predstaviti, kaj vse je treba pripraviti in izračunati pred odločitvijo, ali podjetje določeno investicijo sprejme ali zavrne. Cilj dela je dokazati upravičenost investicijskega projekta s pomočjo teoretičnega pristopa, kjer so pojasnjeni modeli za vrednotenje investicij, in v empiričnem delu prikazati izračune upravičenosti investicije.
Managerji se zavedajo, da sta odločanje o investiciji in izbira najustreznejšega projekta ena izmed najzahtevnejših nalog poslovodstva podjetja, kajti ustrezne dolgoročne naložbe zagotavljajo uspešno poslovanje podjetja v prihodnosti, medtem ko neustrezne naložbe lahko pripeljejo podjetje do propada. Če želi podjetje obstati nas trgu, so investicijska vlaganja nujna. Pri odločitvah, ali bo podjetje realiziralo določeno investicijo ali ne, se srečuje s številnimi neznankami in negotovostmi. Zelo pomemben element je ocena, ali je investicija rentabilna ali ne. Zato morajo podjetja opraviti številne analize, da predvidijo vsa tveganja, ki se lahko pojavijo v življenjski dobi investicije.
V teoretičnem delu smo predstavili pomen investicij in investicijskega odločanja, pomembnost načrtovanja denarnega toka pri investicijskem odločanju, tveganja, ki se lahko pojavljajo, ter metode, s pomočjo katerih izračunamo, ali je investicijski projekt upravičen.
V empiričnem delu smo izračunali donosnost investicije s pomočjo različnih kriterijev vrednotenja, kot so metoda neto sedanje vrednosti, metoda interne stopnje donosnosti, metoda popravljene notranje stopnje donosnosti, doba vračila in rentabilnost naložbe. V prvem koraku smo opredelili, kaj vse je všteto v začetno vrednost investicije. V izračunu stroškov investicije moramo upoštevati stroške nakupa opreme, namestitve, zagona in prevoza, torej vse izdatke in stroške, brez katerih projekt ne more steči. Naslednji korak je ocena denarnih tokov investicije. Tu je treba upoštevati spremenljivke, kot so povečanje stroškov obratnega kapitala, davčne spremembe, stroški amortizacije in seveda višina obresti, ki jih je treba plačati.
Zavedamo se, da se nam, ko se odločamo o investiranju, porajajo dvomi, da dogodki in rezultati zaradi nepredvidenih dogodkov ne bodo enaki načrtovanim. Podjetja se srečujejo s splošnim ekonomskim tveganjem gospodarstva zaradi gospodarskih dogodkov, na katere nimajo vpliva. Zmanjšana gospodarska rast iz naslova gospodarskih nihanj se lahko pozna tudi v podjetju v obliki zmanjšanega denarnega toka od posamezne investicije. Podjetja običajno načrtujejo denarni tok posamezne investicije na podlagi začetnih investicijskih izdatkov, načrtovane prodaje, nabave in drugih stroškov.
Podjetje se je odločalo, ali sprejme projekt A ali projekt B. Višina stroška obeh projektov je enaka, razlikujeta pa se po načrtovani in ocenjeni projekciji različnih ekonomskih parametrov v življenjski dobi investicije ter po izračunih metod upravičenosti investicije s pomočjo kriterijev neto sedanje vrednosti, interne stopnje donosnosti, popravljene notranje stopnje donosnosti, dobe vračila in rentabilnosti naložbe. Podjetje se je odločilo za realizacijo projekta A.
V analizi občutljivosti smo želeli preveriti, kako vplivajo različne spremenljivke na gibanje neto sedanje vrednosti, če se zmanjšajo oziroma povečajo za 10 %.
Ugotovili smo, da je projekt A po vseh preverjenih kriterijih sprejemljiv ter vodi v rast podjetja in povečanje lastniškega kapitala.
Ključne besede
investiranje;denarni tok;vrednotenje investicij;statistične metode;dinamične metode;analiza občutljivosti;
Podatki
Jezik: |
Slovenski jezik |
Leto izida: |
2023 |
Tipologija: |
2.09 - Magistrsko delo |
Organizacija: |
UM EPF - Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta |
Založnik: |
Z. Žilić |
UDK: |
658.152 |
COBISS: |
152601859
|
Št. ogledov: |
29 |
Št. prenosov: |
1 |
Ocena: |
0 (0 glasov) |
Metapodatki: |
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Ostali podatki
Sekundarni jezik: |
Angleški jezik |
Sekundarni naslov: |
Analysis of the economic feasibility of investing in company X's fixed assets |
Sekundarni povzetek: |
A key problem in investment decision-making is whether a company accepts an investment or not, and which projects it accepts or not. In this Master's thesis we wanted to present what needs to be prepared and calculated before a company can decide whether to accept or reject an investment. The aim of the thesis is to demonstrate the feasibility of an investment project by means of a theoretical approach, where we explain the models for investment appraisal, which is followed by an empirical part that provides the calculations of the feasibility of an investment.
Managers are aware that deciding on an investment and choosing the most appropriate project are one of the most challenging tasks of managing a company, as appropriate long-term investments ensure the future success of the company, whereas inappropriate investments can lead to its failure. If a company wants to stay on the market, investments are vital. A company faces many unknown factors and uncertainties when deciding whether or not to make an investment. A very important element is assessing whether the investment is profitable or not. To assess this, companies have to carry out a number of analyses to anticipate all the risks that may arise during the lifetime of the investment.
In the theoretical part we explained the meaning of investment and investment decision-making, the importance of cash flow projections in investment decision-making, the risks that may arise, and the methods used to calculate whether an investment project is feasible.
In the empirical part we calculated the return on investment using different evaluation criteria such as the net present value method, the internal rate of return method, the modified internal rate of return method, the payback period, and the profitability of the investment. In the first step we defined what is included in the initial value of the investment. When calculating the investment cost, we need to take into account the cost of the equipment purchase, its installation, activation and transport, i.e. all the expenses and costs that are required for the implementation of the project. The next step is to estimate the investment cash flow. Variables such as an increase in working capital costs, tax changes, amortization costs, and, of course, the amount of interest to be paid, have to be taken into account.
We are aware that when businesses make investment decisions, they doubt whether events and results will be the same as planned due to unforeseen circumstances. Businesses face general economic risks as a result of economic developments that are beyond their control. Reduced economic growth due to economic fluctuations can also affect the company in the form of reduced cash flow from a particular investment. Companies typically plan the cash flow of an investment based on initial capital expenditure, projected sales, purchases, and other costs.
A company was deciding whether to implement project A or project B. The cost of the two projects is the same, however, they differ in the planned and estimated projection of the various economic parameters over the lifetime of the investment, and in the calculations of the investment feasibility methods with regard to the following criteria: net present value, internal rate of return, modified internal rate of return, payback period, and profitability of the investment. The company has decided to implement project A.
In the sensitivity analysis we wanted to determine how different variables affect the evolution of the net present value if they decrease or increase by 10%.
We concluded that project A is acceptable according to all the criteria tested, and that it leads to the company’s growth and to an increase in equity. |
Sekundarne ključne besede: |
investing;cash flow;investment appraisal;static and dynamic methods;sensitivity analysis; |
Vrsta dela (COBISS): |
Magistrsko delo/naloga |
Komentar na gradivo: |
Univ. v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak. |
Strani: |
IX, 49 str. |
ID: |
18069931 |