magistrsko delo
Povzetek
Ilegalna tobačna industrija je zelo kompleksen družbeni problem, saj ne vpliva le na družbo kot tako, temveč tudi na državne proračune in jih oškoduje. Poleg tega je tudi zelo velik multinacionalni problem, s katerim se ukvarja veliko tako državnih institucij kot institucij na višjih ravneh, na primer Europol v Evropi. Ilegalna tobačna industrija je predvsem v zadnjih letih v porastu, saj je povpraševanje vse večje, kar je posledica regularnih višanj cen tobačnih izdelkov, saj potem uporabniki iščejo cenejše rešitve, ki pa seveda niso legalnega izvora. K temu razcvetu je pripomogla tudi pandemija SARS-CoV-2, saj se je veliko stvari začelo odvijati v virtualnem svetu. Kljub temu ilegalne proizvodnje še vedno delujejo s polno paro, na primer v Evropi predvsem v vzhodnih in centralnih državah, prav tako je v Aziji nekaj držav, od koder te ilegalne izdelke pošiljajo po celotnem svetu, znano pa je tudi, da so Združeni arabski emirati meka za ilegalno trgovino, predvsem na njihovih brezcarinskih območjih (free trade zones). Nam najbližje in največje žarišče je na Balkanu, in sicer v Črni gori, kjer je v ospredju brezcarinska cona/pristanišče Bar, vendar se tudi tukaj zadeve urejajo in spreminjajo. Ilegalna tobačna industrija generira ogromne dobičke, kar je neizbežno za hudodelske združbe, ki se poslužujejo pranja denarja. Za lažje razumevanje si lahko predstavljamo, da en poln tovornjak ilegalnih tobačnih izdelkov predstavlja okoli en milijon evrov. To dejanje omogoča, da ilegalni denar operejo in ga spravijo v legalni obtok. Možno je, da se ta umazano zaslužen denar uporabi za nakup drugih dobrin ali se investira naprej, na primer v kakšne legalne naložbe, kot so nepremičnine, premičnine ipd., ali pa se ta denar nameni za druge namene, kot je financiranje terorizma, saj ta potrebuje sredstva, da lahko izvaja in dosega svoje »višje cilje«. Za takšne stvari je ilegalna tobačna industrija idealna, saj je kriminal z malo tveganja, ki prinaša visok zaslužek, saj se mesečno lahko v povprečnem ilegalnem obratu proizvede nekaj milijonov cigaret. To kriminalno dejanje ni tako zavržno, kot so druge vrste ilegalne trgovine, na primer trgovanje z drogo, orožjem ipd. Vsi ti vidiki in dejanja lahko gredo z roko v roko in s tem povzročajo veliko škodo v družbi.
Ključne besede
ilegalna tobačna industrija;financiranje;magistrska dela;
Podatki
Jezik: |
Slovenski jezik |
Leto izida: |
2023 |
Tipologija: |
2.09 - Magistrsko delo |
Organizacija: |
UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede |
Založnik: |
[T. Praznik] |
UDK: |
343.37(043.2) |
COBISS: |
152557571
|
Št. ogledov: |
36 |
Št. prenosov: |
2 |
Ocena: |
0 (0 glasov) |
Metapodatki: |
|
Ostali podatki
Sekundarni jezik: |
Angleški jezik |
Sekundarni naslov: |
Money laundering in relation to illicit tobacco trade |
Sekundarni povzetek: |
The illegal tobacco industry is a very complex social problem, as it affects not only society as a whole, but also state budgets, damaging them in the process. In addition, it also represents a very large multinational problem that is addressed by many state institutions as well as institutions at higher levels, such as Europol in Europe. The illegal tobacco industry has been on the rise especially in recent years, as the demand has been increasing, which is the result of regular increases in the prices of tobacco products. Consequently, consumers are looking for cheaper solutions, which of course are not legal. The SARS CoV-19 pandemic also contributed to this boom, as many activities began to take place online. Despite this, illegal productions are still operating at full steam in Europe, especially in Eastern and Central European countries. Additionally, there are several countries in Asia from where these illegal products are sent all over the world, but it is also known is that the United Arab Emirates are a mecca for illegal trade, particularly in their duty-free zones (free trade zones). For us, the biggest hotspot in the Balkans is definitely Montenegro with the duty-free zone/port of Bar, but even there things are being sorted out and changing. However, since the illegal tobacco industry generates huge profits, as one full truckload of illegal products can yield around one million euros in profit, it is inevitable that criminal groups resort to money laundering. Only by laundering illegal money and putting it into circulation, it is possible for this ill-gotten money to be used to buy other goods or to be invested further in some type of legal investment such as real estate, movable property, etc. This money is used also for other purposes, such as financing terrorism, which needs the funds to pursue and achieve its "higher goals". The illegal tobacco industry is ideal for this type of endeavours because it is a low-risk crime and the earnings are high. In addition, an average illegal plant can produce up to a few million cigarettes every month, and even this criminal activity is not as reprehensible as, for example, other illegal trade, such as drug and weapon trafficking, etc. All these aspects and actions can go hand in hand and thus cause great harm in society. |
Sekundarne ključne besede: |
Pranje denarja;Tobačna industrija;Tihotapstvo;Terorizem;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela; |
Vrsta dela (COBISS): |
Magistrsko delo/naloga |
Komentar na gradivo: |
Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana |
Strani: |
X f., [119] str. |
ID: |
18947522 |