Vloga upnika v postopku osebnega stečaja

magistrsko delo

Jasmina Török (Avtor), Borut Bratina (Mentor)

Povzetek

Postopek osebnega stečaja lahko za dolžnika predstavlja edini izhod pred finančnimi težavami, saj se v postopku lahko predlaga postopek odpusta obveznosti. Namen postopka osebnega stečaja je unovčenje premoženja stečajnega dolžnika in poplačilo terjatev upnikom, temu pa sledi sanacija dolžnika. Postopek osebnega stečaja se lahko začne na predlog stečajnega dolžnika ali pa upnika. V kolikor postopek osebnega stečaja predlaga upnik, mora založiti predujem za začetek postopka. Pomembno je, da upnik dobro pozna svojega dolžnika in tako pravilno oceni možnost poplačila svoje terjatve in samih stroškov stečajnega postopka. Ko predlaga postopek osebnega stečaja sam dolžnik je predujem za stroške stečajnega postopka izplačan iz proračuna Republike Slovenije, ki se v primeru oblikovanja zadostne stečajne mase povrne v proračun Republike Slovenije. Razlog za predlaganje postopka s strani stečajnega dolžnika je največkrat odpust obveznosti. Postopek odpusta obveznosti se izvede znotraj postopka osebnega stečaja, na predlog stečajnega dolžnika. Po preteku preizkusnega obdobja, če sodišče ugotovi, da ni ovir za sprejem odpusta obveznosti izda sklep s katerim se stečajnemu dolžniku odpustijo obveznosti. Z objavo oklica o začetku postopka osebnega stečaja nastopijo materialnopravne in procesne posledice, ki vplivajo na razmerje stečajnega dolžnika do drugih oseb. Namen stečajnega postopka je istovrstne upnike postaviti na isto točko, ter ugotoviti vrednost njihovih terjatev do stečajnega dolžnika na dan začetka postopka. Najpomembnejše dejanje upnika v postopku osebnega stečaja je prijava terjatve. Upniki do stečajnega dolžnika uveljavljajo zavarovane in nezavarovane terjatve, odvisno ali so njihove terjatve zavarovane z ločitveno pravico ali ne. Nezavarovane terjatve delimo na: navadne, prednostne in podrejene. Stečajni upravitelj o prijavljenih terjatvah izdela seznam preizkušenih terjatev. Terjatve, ločitvene in izločitvene pravice lahko v stečajnem postopku prereka stečajni upravitelj kot tudi upniki, ki so prijavili terjatve. Tako je pomembno, da upniki poznajo svoje terjatve in pravice, saj si tako povečajo možnosti za poplačilo terjatev. Primarni cilj postopka je poplačilo upnikov v čim večjem obsegu. S tem namenom stečajni upravitelj unovči premoženje stečajnega dolžnika, in sicer tako da: proda premoženje stečajnega dolžnika, izterja njegove terjatve, zaseže dobroimetje na dolžnikovih denarnih računih. Iz prodanega premoženja se oblikuje stečajna masa. Stečajna masa zmanjšana za stroške stečajnega postopka je razdelitvena masa, ki je namenjena za poplačilo upnikom. Ločimo splošno razdelitveno maso in posebno razdelitveno maso. Splošna razdelitvena masa je namenjena za poplačilo nezavarovanih terjatev, posebna razdelitvena masa pa je namenjena za poplačilo terjatev z ločitveno pravico. V kolikor upnik ne pride do poplačila svoje terjatve v postopku osebnega stečaja ima možnost svojo terjatev po končanem postopku osebnega stečaja ponovno izterjati, vendar samo v primeru, da stečajni dolžnik ni vložil predloga za odpust obveznosti oziroma mu je predlog za odpust sodišče zavrglo. V primeru ko dolžnik doseže odpust obveznosti v postopku osebnega stečaja pa je edina možnost upnika za poplačilo terjatve v postopku osebnega stečaja. Ključna vprašanja na katera bom, glede na opravljeno analizo, podala odgovore v magistrskem delu so: kako je pomembna vloga upnika v postopku osebnega stečaja, kakšno poplačilo terjatev, glede na vrsto terjatve, lahko upniki pričakujejo v postopku osebnega stečaja ter v kakšnem deležu stečajni dolžniki dosežejo odpust obveznosti. V delu bo predstavljeno, kako je pomembno, da upniki v postopku osebnega stečaja aktivno sodelujejo in si s tem povečajo možnosti za poplačilo svojih terjatev

Ključne besede

osebni stečaj;stačajna masa;stečajni upravitelj;dolžnik;upnik;

Podatki

Jezik:	Angleški jezik
Leto izida:	2023
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UM EPF - Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta
Založnik:	J. Török
UDK:	347.736
COBISS:	181503747
Št. ogledov:	30
Št. prenosov:	0
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	ǂThe ǂrole of the creditor in personal bankruptcy proceedings
Sekundarni povzetek:	The personal bankruptcy procedure can be the only way out of financial problems for the debtor, as the discharge of obligations can be proposed in the procedure. The purpose of the personal bankruptcy procedure is the liquidation of the assets of the bankrupt debtor and the repayment of claims to creditors, followed by the rehabilitation of the debtor. The personal bankruptcy procedure is started at the proposal of the bankrupt debtor or creditor. If the personal bankruptcy procedure is proposed by the creditor, he must pay an advance payment to start the procedure. It is important that the creditor knows his debtor well and thus correctly assesses the possibility of repayment of his claim and the costs of bankruptcy proceedings. When the procedure is proposed by the debtor, the advance is paid from the budget of the Republic of Slovenia, which is returned to the budget of the Republic of Slovenia in case of sufficient funds. The reason for proposing the procedure by the bankruptcy debtor is most often the discharge of obligations. The discharge of obligations is carried out within the framework of the personal bankruptcy procedure at the proposal of the bankrupt debtor. If, after the probationary period has passed, the court finds that there are no obstacles to accepting the discharge of obligations, it issues a decision by which the bankruptcy debtor is relieved of his obligations. With the declaration of the start of the personal bankruptcy procedure, substantive legal and procedural consequences occur, which affect the relationship of the bankrupt debtor to other persons. The purpose of bankruptcy proceedings is the settlement of equal creditors and the determination of the value of their claims against the bankrupt debtor on the date of commencement of the proceedings. The most important act of the creditor in the personal bankruptcy procedure is the filing of a claim. Creditors assert secured and unsecured claims against the bankrupt debtor, depending on whether their claims are secured by the right of divorce or not. Based on the reported claims, the bankruptcy administrator draws up a list of proven claims. Claims, separation and exclusion rights can be challenged in bankruptcy proceedings by the bankruptcy administrator and creditors who have registered claims. It is therefore important for creditors to know their claims and rights, as this increases their chances of repaying their claims. The primary goal of the process is to repay creditors as much as possible. For this purpose, the bankruptcy administrator liquidates the assets of the bankrupt debtor, namely by: selling the assets of the bankrupt debtor, collecting his claims, seizing credits on the debtor's cash accounts. A bankruptcy estate is formed from the sold assets. The bankruptcy estate, less the costs of the bankruptcy proceedings, is the distribution estate intended to repay creditors. If the creditor does not pay his claim during the personal bankruptcy procedure, after the personal bankruptcy procedure has ended, he has the opportunity to collect his claim again, but only if the bankrupt debtor has not submitted a proposal for discharge of obligations or if the court rejects the request for discharge of obligations. In the event that the debtor achieves discharge of obligations in the personal bankruptcy procedure, the creditor's only option for repayment of the claim is in the personal bankruptcy procedure. The questions to which I will provide answers in the assignment on the basis of the completed analysis are: how important is the role of the creditor in the bankruptcy procedure, what repayments of claims can creditors expect and what proportion of bankruptcy debtors achieves discharge of obligations. The work will present how important it is for creditors to actively participate in the personal bankruptcy process and thereby increase their chances of paying off their claims.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	debtor;creditor;claim;bankruptcy estate;bankruptcy administrator;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak.
Strani:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (IV, 92 str.))
ID:	19856408