Spolna zloraba hendikepiranih oseb

magistrsko diplomsko delo

Jerneja Kolbl (Avtor), Tilen Štajnpihler (Mentor), Mojca Mihelj Plesničar (Komentor)

Povzetek

Spolna zloraba hendikepiranih oseb je tema, o kateri se ne govori, še manj pa se o njej ve. V svoji magistrski nalogi se zato poglobim v razloge, zakaj je spolne zlorabe hendikepiranih oseb precej več, kot se zdi na prvi pogled. Začnem z definicijo hendikepirane osebe in razčistim terminologijo na tem področju. Nato opišem družbeni položaj, v katerem živijo osebe s to okoliščino, in predstavim, kako vrednostni pogledi normativne družbe vplivajo na dojemanje hendikepiranih posameznikov ter oblikujejo njihov položaj v družbi. V nadaljevanju predstavim različne oblike diskriminacije, s katerimi se soočajo hendikepirane osebe na vsakem področju svojega življenja, in povzamem zaveze Slovenije na tem področju. Posebno pozornost namenim tako imenovanemu abilizmu in njegovemu vplivu na spolno življenje hendikepiranih, zlasti na njihovo vključevanje na področju spolnosti in posledično družbeno legimitizirano poseganje v njihovo spolno avtonomijo in reproduktivne pravice. Za tem obravnavam prakso odvzemanja poslovne sposobnosti hendikepiranim, kjer predstavim, zakaj ta pomeni kršenje njihovih najbolj temeljnih pravic. Kot ustreznejšo alternativo predlagam odločanje s podporo, čemur je naklonjen tudi Odbor za pravice invalidov OZN. Dotaknem se tudi vprašanja, kako zgoraj opisane prakse in družbeni pojavi pripeljejo do zatiskanja oči pred nasiljem nad hendikepiranim njegove normalizacije. V naslednjem poglavju se osredotočim neposredno na spolno zlorabo hendikepiranih in predstavim raziskave, ki prikazujejo pogostost spolnih zlorab hendikepiranih in ponudijo vpogled v razloge, zakaj so hendikepirani izpostavljeni spolni zlorabi v večji meri kot normativna populacija. Povsem specifično predstavim statistične podatke o pogostosti kaznivega dejanja spolne zlorabe slabotne osebe po 172. členu KZ-1. Sledi predstavitev modelov kazenskopravne ureditve spolnih deliktov z vidiki spolne zlorabe slabotne osebe v teoriji in praksi. V ta namen primerjam ureditev pred novelo KZ-1H in po njej. Z analizo relevantne sodne prakse preizkusim, ali oz. v kolikšni meri vrednostni pogledi na hendikepirane vplivajo na odločitve sodišč, kadar je žrtev spolne zlorabe hendikepirana. Sklenem s kritiko testa razsodnosti, ki ga sodišča uporabljajo za ocenitev veljavnosti soglasja hendikepirane žrtve, in predstavitvijo ustreznejših rešitev, ki so bolj spoštljive do avtonomije hendikepiranih. Čisto za konec namenim pozornost še dostopu do sodišč za hendikepirane.

Ključne besede

invalidnost;hendikep;spolna zloraba;diskriminacija;abilizem;sodišče;soglasje;slabotna oseba;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2023
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UL PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik:	[J. Kolbl]
UDK:	342:316.653(043.2)
COBISS:	165020163
Št. ogledov:	27
Št. prenosov:	7
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Sexual abuse of people with disabilities
Sekundarni povzetek:	Sexual abuse of people with disabilities is a topic that is not readily discussed, nor is it well known. In my master’s thesis I delve into the reasons why the sexual abuse of people with disabilities is much more rampant than it may seem. I begin by defining ‘people with disabilities’ and examining the relevant terminology. I continue by putting people with disabilities in the social context and explaining how the value judgments of the normative society impact the perception of such people and shape their standing in the society. I then move on to presenting the different types of discrimination that people with disabilities face in all aspects of their lives, and outlining Slovenia’s commitments in this field. I focus particularly on ableism and its impact on the sexual lives of people with disabilities, i.e. their inclusion in all areas of sexuality and the subsequent – and legitimized – interference in their sexual autonomy and reproductive rights. I then look at the practice of stripping people with disabilities of their legal capacity, and elaborate on why this is tantamount to infringing their most fundamental rights. I propose supported decision making as a more suitable alternative, which has been advocated by the UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. I proceed by examining how the abovementioned practices and social circumstances lead to a point where the society turns a blind eye on the violence perpetrated against people with disabilities and how this violence is subsequently normalized. Next, I focus directly on the sexual abuse of people with disabilities and present research findings that highlight the frequency of the abuse and offer an insight into the reasons why people with disabilities are significantly more exposed to sexual abuse compared to the normative population. Specifically, I propose the statistics showing the frequency of the crime defined as the ‘sexual abuse of a vulnerable individual’ under Article 172 of the Criminal Code (KZ-1). I also lay out the various models used for regulating sexual crimes against at-risk individuals under criminal law in theory and practice. To this end I compare the regulation before and after the latest amendments to the Criminal Code (KZ-1 v. KZ-1H). I go on to analize the relevant case law to see if, and to what extent, the value judgments pinned on people with disabilities affect judicial outcomes where the victim of a sexual crime is a person with a disability. In the end, I review the capacity assessment test, which is routinely used by the courts to assess whether a victim who is an individual at risk is able to express consent to sexual relations, and I propose more fitting solutions that uphold the victim’s autonomy. I conclude by looking at the accessibility of courts for people with disabilities.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	disability;handicap;sexual abuse;discrimination;ableism;court;consent;individual at risk;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo/naloga
Študijski program:	0
Konec prepovedi (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Pravna fak.
Strani:	57 str.
ID:	19937493