diplomsko delo
Nina Štebljaj (Avtor), Miha Fošnarič (Recenzent), Mojca Bavcon Kralj (Mentor), Peter Bohinc (Komentor)

Povzetek

Uvod: delovno mesto laboratorijskega zobnega protetika (LZP) je laboratorij, kjer posameznik pretežno ročno izdeluje najrazličnejše zobne nadomestke s pomočjo najrazličnejših naprav in orodij. Zaradi narave dela se v tem poklicu posamezniki srečujejo s fizičnimi, biološkimi, ergonomskimi, psihološkimi in kemijskimi nevarnostmi. Osredotočili smo se predvsem na slednje. Danes je v zobozdravstvu na voljo širok izbor materialov, ki jih lahko razdelimo v preventivne, restavratorske in pomožne materiale. Restavratorske dentalne materiale običajno delimo v 4 skupine: kovinske, keramične, polimerne in kompozitne materiale. Vsaka skupina materialov ima specifične lastnosti, ki jim daje širok nabor uporabe v zobozdravstvu. Vdihovanje prašnih delcev je eden od glavnih nevarnosti na delovnem mestu LZP. Za razliko od večine drugih onesnaževal, ki so razvrščena glede na kemijsko sestavo, najpogostejša delitev prašnih delcev temelji na njihovi velikosti. Razdelimo jih na ultrafino (PM0,1; respiratorna), drobno (PM1; PM2,5 - respiratorna) in grobo frakcijo (PM10 - inhalatorna). Pogosta izpostavljenost prašnim delcem lahko povzroči respiratorne simptome bolezni dihal kot posledico poklicne izpostavljenosti. Glavni tarčni organ za izpostavljenost strupenim snovem in poškodbe zaradi poklicnega vdihovanja nevarnih kemikalij in prahu so pljuča. Osnovni procesi obdelave zobnih nadomestkov v zobnem laboratoriju pri katerih so glavni produkt prašni delci so brušenje, peskanje in poliranje. Seveda pa se prah pojavi tudi pri mešanju, nanašanju in apliciranju materialov med izdelavo in obdelavo zobnega nadomestka. Od teh je najmanjša respiratorna frakcija, najbolj nevarna. Kljub temu, da so dentalni materiali večinoma biokompatibilni, gre za izjemno majhne prašne delce, ki prodrejo do pljučnih mešičkov, kjer otežujejo izmenjavo plinov in lahko celo zaokrožijo s krvnim obtokom po telesu. Izpostavljenost prahu je dobro znana nevarnost za zdravje predvsem pri delu v industrijski proizvodnji. Pnevmokonioze, kronični bronhitis, emfizem, s prahom povezana difuzna pljučna fibroza, astma, sistemska bolezen vezivnega tkiva in celo ledvična disfunkcija so vse bolezni povezane z vdihovanjem prašnih delcev. V vsakodnevnem zobozdravstvenem delovnem okolju je pogosto opaziti, da se makroskopski prašni delci nahajajo v zraku, še posebej med obdelavo zobnih nadomestkov. Ta težava ostaja kljub številnim prizadevanjem za izboljšanje delovnega okolja. Namen: : namen diplomskega dela je bil predstaviti delovno okolje LZP, uporabljene materiale in se osredotočiti na vpliv vdihovanja prašnih delcev med obdelavo zobnih nadomestkov, razjasniti kaj so prašni delci in kako vplivajo na telo ob vdihovanju, se dotakniti problematike pojava s tem povezanih poklicnih bolezni ter opozoriti na pomen uporabe osebne varovalne opreme in prezračevalnega sistema z namenom preprečevanja le teh. Metode dela: diplomsko delo temelji na pregledu literature, kot so znanstveni članki, znanstvene revije in strokovne knjige. Pri pisanju diplomskega dela smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela na podlagi pregledane slovenske in tuje strokovne literature ter člankov iz strokovnih in znanstvenih knjig. Literaturo smo iskali v podatkovnih bazah Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct in Web of Science. Razprava in zaključek: znanstvene raziskave s svojimi izsledki večinsko potrjujejo povezavo med izpostavljenostjo prahu dentalnih materialov in prevalenco respiratornih znakov in pogostih pljučnih obolenj kot so fibroza in pnevmokonioza. Posebej izpostavljeni so laboratorijski zobni protetiki, ki med svojim delom veliko obdelujejo kovinske konstrukcije in za čiščenje kovinskih odlitkov uporabljajo peskalnik, saj je ravno silikoza, ki je posledica vdihovanja delcev silicijevega oksida, najpogostejša oblika pnevmokonioze med laboratorijskimi zobnimi protetiki. Poleg tega se je v odvzetem prizadetem pljučnem tkivu laboratorijskih zobnih protetikov našlo delce kovin, ki se ujemajo s surovinami dentalnih kovin, s to najdbo pa se je po mojem mnenju pričela vleči nova vzporednica med delom laboratorijskega zobnega protetika in poklicnimi boleznimi povezanimi z vdihanim prahom, ki ni zgolj posledica vdihovanja kremenčevega peska in peskanja ampak tudi vdihovanja delcev drugih dentalnih materialov.

Ključne besede

diplomska dela;laboratorijska zobna protetika;prašni delci;vdihovanje;posledice;poklicne bolezni;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija: UL ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
Založnik: [N. Štebljaj]
UDK: 616.31
COBISS: 166287363 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 7
Št. prenosov: 1
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Consequences of dust particles inhalation in the workplace of a dental prosthetist
Sekundarni povzetek: Introduction: The workplace of a laboratory dental prosthetist (LDP) is a laboratory where an individual mainly manufactures a wide variety of dental replacements by hand with the help of a wide variety of devices and tools. Due to the nature of the work, individuals in this profession are exposed to physical, biological, ergonomic, psychological and chemical hazards. We focused mainly on the latter. Today, a wide selection of materials is available in dentistry, which can be divided into preventive, restorative and auxiliary materials. Restorative dental materials are usually divided into 4 groups: metal, ceramic, polymer and composite materials. Each group of materials has specific properties that give them a wide range of uses in dentistry. Inhalation of dust particles is one of the main hazards in the LDP workplace. Unlike most other pollutants, which are classified by chemical composition, the most common division of dust particles is based on their size. They are divided into ultrafine (PM0.1; respiratory), fine (PM1; PM2.5 -respiratory) and coarse fraction (PM10 - inhalation). Frequent exposure to dust particles can cause respiratory symptoms of respiratory diseases as a result of occupational exposure. The main target organ for toxic exposure and injury from occupational inhalation of hazardous chemicals and dusts is the lung. The basic processes for processing dental implants in the dental laboratory, where dust particles are the main product, are grinding, sandblasting and polishing. Of course, dust also occurs during the mixing, application and application of materials during the manufacturing and processing of the dental prosthesis. Of these, the smallest respiratory fraction is the most dangerous. Despite the fact that dental materials are mostly biocompatible, these are extremely small dust particles that penetrate to the alveoli, where they complicate gas exchange and can even circulate with the blood circulation throughout the body. Exposure to dust is a well-known health hazard, especially when working in industrial production. Pneumoconioses, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, dust-related diffuse pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, systemic connective tissue disease, and even kidney dysfunction are all diseases associated with inhalation of dust particles. In the daily dental work environment, macroscopic dust particles are often found in the air, especially during the processing of dental restorations. This problem persists despite many efforts to improve the working environment. Purpose: The aim of the diploma work was to present the working environment of occupational health and safety workers, the materials used and to focus on the impact of inhalation of dust particles during the processing of dental implants, to clarify what dust particles are and how they affect the body when inhaled, to touch on the issue of the occurrence of related occupational diseases and to draw attention to the importance of using personal protective equipment and the ventilation system. Methods: The thesis is based on a literature review, such as scientific books. When writing the thesis, we used a descriptive method of work based on reviewed Slovenian and foreign professional literature and scientific articles and books. Literature was searched by Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Science databases. Discussion and conclusion: Results mostly confirmed the connection between exposure to the dust of dental materials and the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and common lung diseases such as fibrosis and pneumoconiosis. Laboratory dental prosthetists, who during their work use metal structures, sandblaster to clean metal castings, are particularly exposed to silicosis, which is the result of inhaling silicon oxide particles. It is the most common form of pneumoconiosis among laboratory dental prosthetists. In addition, in the removed affected lung tissue of laboratory dental prosthetists, metal particles were found as well. They corresponded sto the raw materials of dental metals, and with this finding, in my opinion, a new parallel began to be drawn between the work of laboratory dental prosthetists and occupational diseases related to inhaled dust, which is not only a result of inhalation of silica sand and sandblasting but also of inhalation of particles of other dental materials.
Sekundarne ključne besede: diploma theses;laboratory dental prosthetics;dust particles;inhalation;consequences;occupational diseases;
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Diplomsko delo/naloga
Študijski program: 0
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za protetiko
Strani: 38, [6] str., [1] str. pril.
ID: 20005319