empirična analiza
Maša Harkai (Avtor), Darja Boršič (Mentor)

Povzetek

Dohodkovna neenakost dandanes predstavlja velik izziv za razvita gospodarstva in gospodarstva v razvoju, zato se to magistrsko delo ukvarja s problemom dohodkovne neenakosti v povezavi z gospodarsko rastjo in razvojem. S tem lahko povežemo tudi Kuznetsovo hipotezo. Teoretični del je predstavljal okvir za izdelavo empirične analize s področja ekonometrije – funkcijo panelnih podatkov, ki je bila izvedena v programu EViews 12. Izbor držav temelji na podlagi podobnega življenjskega standarda prebivalcev, HDI, kamor spadajo ZDA, Belgija, Slovenija, Španija, Francija in Italija. Ekonometrična analiza temelji na letnih podatkih od leta 1990 do leta 2021, zraven spremenljivke dohodkovne neenakosti, gospodarskega razvoja in gospodarske rasti smo določili še druge ekonomske in demografske dejavnike, kot so stopnja brezposelnosti, stopnja izobrazbe, inflacija, rast prebivalstva in delež trgovine. Povezavo med Ginijevim koeficientom in izbranimi dejavniki dohodkovne neenakosti je pokazal izračunani Pearsonov koeficient. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da višja kot je dohodkovna neenakost, nižja je gospodarska rast in nižji je tudi gospodarski razvoj in obratno. Z Grangerjevim testom pa smo poskusili dokazati obojestranski vpliv med Ginijevim koeficientom in mero gospodarske rasti oziroma mero gospodarskega razvoja, ki pa na primeru naših izbranih držav ne moremo dokazati. Ocenjena kvadratna funkcija panelne regresije se je z odvisno spremenljivko Ginijevega koeficienta najbolje obnesla s pojasnjevalnimi spremenljivkami gospodarske rasti, gospodarske rasti na kvadrat, stopnjo brezposelnosti in inflacije. Pri tem smo ocenili model združenih podatkov, model fiksnih učinkov in model slučajnih učinkov in s pomočjo različnih testov izbrali, da je najbolj primeren model fiksnih učinkov, kjer pa Kuznetsove hipoteze ne moremo potrditi, torej med izbranimi gospodarstvi ne moremo potrditi povezanosti med dohodkovno neenakostjo in gospodarsko rastjo v obliki obrnjene črke U. Zadnji sklop magistrskega dela je namenjen predstavitvi morebitnih rešitev v boju proti dohodkovni neenakosti za izbrana gospodarstva.

Ključne besede

gospodarska rast;gospodarski razvoj;dohodkovna neenakost;panelni podatki;Kuznetsova hipoteza;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija: UM EPF - Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta
Založnik: M. Harkai
UDK: 330.35
COBISS: 204649219 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 15
Št. prenosov: 6
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Income inequality and economic growth and development: empirical analysis
Sekundarni povzetek: Nowadays, income inequality is a major challenge for developed and developing economies, and this Master's thesis focuses on how to reduce income inequality in relation to economic growth and development. In this context, we can also relate the Kuznets hypothesis. The theoretical part provided the background for the empirical analysis in the field of econometrics - the panel data function, which was modelled in EViews 12. The selection of countries is chosen on the basis of similar living standards, the HDI, which includes the USA, Belgium, Slovenia, Spain, France and Italy. The econometric analysis is based on annual data from 1990 to 2021, and in addition to the variables of income inequality, economic development and economic growth, we have also determined other economic and demographic factors such as the unemployment rate, the education rate, inflation, population growth and the share of trade. The relationship between the Gini coefficient and the selected factors of income inequality is shown by the calculated Pearson coefficient. It has been found that higher income inequality reduces economic growth and development. With the Granger test, we tried to prove the two-sided influence among Gini coefficient and the economic growth rate and the economic development rate, which we cannot confirm in the case of our selected countries. The estimated quadratic panel regression function with dependent variable Gini coefficient performed best with the explanatory variables economic growth, economic growth squared, unemployment rate and inflation. The estimated quadratic panel regression function with dependent variable Gini coefficient performed best with the explanatory variables economic growth, economic growth squared, unemployment rate and inflation. In doing so, we have estimated a pooled data model, a fixed effects model and a random effects model, and through various tests we have selected the fixed effects model as the most appropriate one, where the Kuznets hypothesis cannot be confirmed, i.e. we cannot confirm an inverted U-shaped relationship between income inequality and economic growth among the selected economies. The last part of the Master's thesis is dedicated to presenting possible solutions to fight income inequality for the selected economies.
Sekundarne ključne besede: Income inequality;economic growth;economic development;panel data;Kuznets hypothesis.;
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Magistrsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak.
Strani: II, 70 f., 18 f. pril.
ID: 24250959