Viri in usoda mikroplastike v kmetijskih tleh

diplomsko delo

Anja Mihalič (Avtor), Domen Leštan (Recenzent), Marjetka Suhadolc (Mentor)

Povzetek

Mikroplastika so delci plastike, manjši od 5 milimetrov. Viri mikroplastike v kmetijskih tleh so blato komunalnih čistilnih naprav, namakalne vode, gnojila in atmosferski depoziti ter ostanki plastične zastirke in plastenjakov, ki razpadejo v mikroplastiko. Mikroplastični delci se prenašajo s površine globlje v tla s talno vodo in talnimi živalmi ter preko kmetijskih opravil. Mikroplastika se v tleh strukturno spreminja, s čimer se poslabšujejo njene mehanske lastnosti. Razgradnja mikroplastike je počasna in poteka pod vplivom abiotskih (UV sevanje) in biotskih dejavnikov (mikroorganizmi). Med biorazgradnjo mikroorganizmi s pomočjo encimov razgradijo polimer do monomerov, ki jih porabijo kot vir ogljika in energije. Zaradi precejšnje odpornosti na razgradnjo se delci mikroplastike kopičijo v tleh in posledično vplivajo na lastnosti tal, kot so struktura, poroznost, zadrževanje vode, pH in C:N razmerje. Preko vpliva na lastnosti tal mikroplastika posredno vpliva tudi na organizme v tleh. V svoji okolici lahko spodbudi rast določenih mikroorganizmov, hkrati pa negativno vpliva na talne živali, kot so deževniki, in zavira njihovo rast. Mikroplastika lahko adsorbira onesnažila, kot so težke kovine, ter poveča njihovo mobilnost v tleh, kar predstavlja okoljska in zdravstvena tveganja. Čeprav so raziskave o vplivu mikroplastike na tla večinoma omejene na laboratorijske študije, je jasno, da naraščajoča količina mikroplastike v tleh predstavlja potencialne nevarnosti za tla, rastline in zdravje ljudi.

Ključne besede

mikroplastika;kmetijstvo;tla;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2024
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UL BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
Založnik:	[A. Mihalič]
UDK:	631.453:504.5:678.5(043.2)
COBISS:	208446979
Št. ogledov:	26
Št. prenosov:	4
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Sources and fate of microplastics in agricultural soils
Sekundarni povzetek:	Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 millimeters. Sources of microplastics in agricultural soils include sludge from wastewater treatment plants, irrigation water, fertilizers and atmospheric deposits, as well as residues of plastic mulch and greenhouses that break down into microplastics. Microplastic particles are transported from the surface deeper into the soil by soil water, soil animals and agricultural activities. In the soil, microplastics undergo structural changes, which degrade their mechanical properties. The degradation of microplastics is slow and occurs under the influence of abiotic factors (UV radiation) and biotic factors (microorganisms). During biodegradation, microorganisms, with the help of enzymes, break down the polymer into monomers, which they use as a source of carbon and energy. Due to their considerable resistance to degradation, microplastic particles accumulate in the soil and consequently affect soil properties such as structure, porosity, water holding capacity, pH and C:N ratio. By influencing soil properties, microplastics also indirectly affect soil organisms. Microplastics in their surroundings can stimulate the growth of certain microorganisms, but they can also have a negative effect, inhibiting the growth of soil animals, such as earthworms. Microplastics can adsorb pollutants such as heavy metals and thereby increase their mobility in soil, posing environmental and health risks. Although research on the impact of microplastics on soil is mostly laboratory-based, it is clear that the increasing amount of microplastics in soil poses potential threats to soil, crops and human health.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	microplastics;agriculture;soil;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Študijski program:	0
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Oddelek za agronomijo
Strani:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (VI, 21 str.))
ID:	25114627