diplomsko delo
Nataša Vedlin (Avtor), Renata Vettorazzi (Recenzent), Marija Milavec Kapun (Mentor)

Povzetek

Uvod: Z razvojno motnjo se opisujejo primanjkljaji otrok na fizičnem, učnem, jezikovnem ali vedenjskem področju. Novi denverski razvojni test II je standardiziran za slovenske otroke in lahko odkrije razvojni zaostanek. Kljub temu je priporočljiva izvedba dodatnega razvojnega presejalnega testa po 12. mesecu starosti za zgodnje odkrivanje znakov motenj avtističnega spektra, ki jih Denver II ne zazna. V službah za zdravstveno varstvo predšolskih otrok se uporabljata tudi Revidirana modificirana ocenjevalna lestvica avtizma in Kvalitativna ocenjevalna lestvica avtizma pri malčkih. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati razvojne presejalne teste pri obravnavi predšolskih otrok na primarni ravni zdravstvene dejavnosti. Proučevali smo učinkovitosti pri odkrivanju razvojnega zaostanka in izvajanje razvojnih presejalnih testov medicinskih sester, njihovo usposobljenost, kompetence, pristop k otrokom in staršem ter morebitne težave in izzive pri tem. Metode dela: Narejen je bil pregled strokovne in znanstvene literature, ki smo jo iskali v bibliografskih zbirkah PubMed (Medline), CINAHL Ultimate in ScienceDirect. Uporabljene besede in besedne zveze v iskalnem nizu so bile: predšolski otroci, dispanzer, mejniki otrokovega razvoja, zgodnja obravnava, screening, Q-chat, developmental tests, early intervention. V analizo je vključenih 24 člankov v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku, ki so bili objavljeni od 2013 do 2024 ter so dostopni v celotnem obsegu besedila za člane Digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani. Rezultati: Razvojni presejalni testi so ključni za odkrivanje razvojnih zaostankov in motenj avtističnega spektra v predšolskem obdobju. Njihova učinkovitost je odvisna od psihometričnih lastnosti, predvsem občutljivosti in specifičnosti. Denver II, ki ima visoko specifičnost in nizko občutljivost, pogosto napačno oceni otroke brez zaostankov kot vprašljive. V svetu sta bolj razširjena M-CHAT R/F, ki ob slabem rezultatu zahteva dodaten intervju, in Q-CHAT, kjer je zaradi opisnih odgovorov potrebna le ena izvedba. Časovne omejitve, komunikacija, sodelovanje otoka in izbira ustreznega testa so izzivi, s katerimi se soočajo medicinske sestre. Razprava in zaključek: Zgodnje odkrivanje razvojnega zaostanka omogoča hitro usmeritev rizičnih otrok v razvojno ambulanto, kjer z zgodnjo obravnavo dosežemo najboljše rezultate. Pomembno je, da se obravnava in pomoč otrokom zagotavljata že v predšolskem obdobju, saj to bistveno izboljšuje celoten razvoj otroka, za kar potrebujemo učinkovito razvojno presajanje.

Ključne besede

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;spremljanje razvoja otroka;razvojna motnja;metoda presejanja;zgodnja obravnava;preventivna zdravstvena dejavnost;

Podatki

Jezik: Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:
Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija: UL ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
Založnik: [N. Vedlin]
UDK: 616-083
COBISS: 209905923 Povezava se bo odprla v novem oknu
Št. ogledov: 22
Št. prenosov: 5
Ocena: 0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik: Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov: Developmental screening tests in primary health care
Sekundarni povzetek: Introduction: Developmental disorders are described as an impairment in physical, cognitive, linguistic or behavioral areas. The New Denver II Developmental Screening Test, which has been standardized for Slovenian children, can detect developmental delays. However, it is recommended to perform an additional developmental screening test after 12 months of age for the early detection of signs of autism spectrum disorders, which the Denver II may not identify. In preschool health care services, the Revised Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT R/F) and the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT) are also used. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore the screening tests used in the assessment of preschool children at the primary level of healthcare. We aim to determine which screening tests are effective in detecting developmental delays, as well as the implementation of these developmental screening tests by nurses, their training, competencies, approach to children and parents, and any potential challenges and difficulties encountered. Methods: A review of professional and scientific literature was conducted, with searches performed in bibliographic databases such as PubMed (Medline), CINAHL Ultimate, and ScienceDirect. The keywords used in the search string included: preschool children, dispensary, developmental milestones, early intervention, screening, Q-CHAT, developmental tests, early intervention. The analysis included 24 articles in Slovenian and English, published between 2013 and 2024, which were accessible in full text to members of the Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana. Results: Developmental screening tests are crucial for detecting developmental delays and autism spectrum disorders in the preschool period. Their effectiveness depends on their psychometric properties, particularly sensitivity and specificity. The Denver II, which has high specificity and low sensitivity, often incorrectly identifies children without delays as questionable. Globally, M-CHAT R/F, which requires an additional interview following a poor result, and Q-CHAT, which requires only one administration due to descriptive responses, are more commonly used. Time constraints, communication, child cooperation, and selecting the appropriate test are challenges faced by nurses. Discussion and conclusion: Early detection of developmental delays allows for the timely referral of at-risk children to developmental clinics, where early intervention yields the best outcomes. It is crucial that care and support for these children are provided during the preschool period, as this significantly enhances the child's overall development, necessitating effective developmental screening.
Sekundarne ključne besede: diploma theses;nursing care;child development monitoring;developmental disorder;screening method;early intervention;preventive healthcare;
Vrsta dela (COBISS): Diplomsko delo/naloga
Študijski program: 0
Komentar na gradivo: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Strani: 32 str.
ID: 25218032