Vpliv prehrane presušenih krav na zdravje in prirejo mleka

magistrsko delo

Andraž Jamšek (Avtor), Andrej Lavrenčič (Recenzent), Ožbalt Podpečan (Mentor), Jožica Ježek (Mentor)

Povzetek

Ustrezna prehrana in ravnanje v obdobju presušitve imata velik vpliv na zdravje in prirejo mleka krav molznic. Obdobje presušitve je namenjeno obnovi mlečne žleze in njeni pripravi na sintezo mleka v naslednji laktaciji. Namen raziskave je bil analizirati prehrano in postopke presuševanja krav na petih slovenskih kmetijah, ki dosegajo visoko mlečnost ter jih primerjati s priporočili Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle (2021). Izvedli smo strukturirane intervjuje z rejci in zbrali podatke o sestavi obrokov in metodah presuševanja krav. Ocenili smo telesno kondicijo presušenih krav in zbrali podatke o prireji in sestavi mleka v prvih 42 dneh po telitvi ter pojavu bolezni. Rezultati so pokazali, da obroki za presušene krave pogosto niso sestavljeni v skladu s priporočili Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle (2021) glede rudninskih snovi in vitaminov, še posebej glede vitamina E. Le ena kmetija je bila blizu priporočil za večino hranil. Ugotovili smo, da je bila povprečna telesna kondicija presušenih krav nekoliko višja od priporočil iz literature. Mlečnost je bila primerljiva, vsebnost maščob in beljakovin v prvem delu laktacije pa je bila višja od podatkov iz literature. Pogostost ketoze je bila v povprečju nekoliko višja, medtem ko se je mastitis na obravnavanih kmetijah pojavil manjkrat kot so poročali drugi avtorji. Hipokalcemija in dislokacija siriščnika pa sta imeli zelo podobno pogostost v primerjavi z navedbami v literaturi. Predlagan protokol ravnanja s presušenimi kravami vključuje manjšo frekvenco molže in restriktivno krmljenje v desetih dneh pred zadnjo molžo. Po zadnji molži se glede na število somatskih celic odločimo za uporabo protimikrobnih zdravil, vsem kravam pa vstavimo sintetične čepke v seskov kanal.

Ključne besede

govedoreja;krave molznice;prehrana živali;presušitev;zdravje živali;prireja mleka;magistrska dela;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2025
Tipologija:	2.09 - Magistrsko delo
Organizacija:	UL VF - Veterinarska fakulteta
Založnik:	[A. Jamšek]
UDK:	636.2.084/.087(043.2)
COBISS:	221829635
Št. ogledov:	28
Št. prenosov:	5
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	ǂThe ǂeffect of dry cow nutrition on health and milk production
Sekundarni povzetek:	Appropriate management and nutrition during the dry period is crucial for the health and milk production of dairy cows in the next lactation. The dry period allows cows to regenerate the mammary gland and prepare them for future milk production. The aim of the study was to analyse the feeding and procedures for drying off cows in five Slovenian farms with high milk production and compare them with the recommendations in Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle (2021). We conducted structured interviews with farmers to collect data on feed composition and methods of drying off cows. We also assessed the body condition of dry cows and collected data on milk production and composition in the first 42 days and disease incidence. The results showed that the diets for dry cows often deviated from the recommended levels of minerals and vitamins, especially in the case of vitamin E. Only one farm was close to the recommendations for most nutrients. The average body condition score of the dry cows was slightly above the values recommended in the literature. Milk yield was comparable to the reference values, while the fat and protein content in early lactation was higher than indicated in the literature. The incidence of ketosis was slightly higher on average, while mastitis occurred less frequently compared to reports by other authors. The incidence of hypocalcemia and displaced abomasum was similar to that reported in the literature. The proposed protocol for the management of dry cows includes the reduction of milking frequency and the introduction of restricted feeding in the 10 days before the last milking. After the last milking, antimicrobial treatments based on somatic cell counts are administered and all cows are treated with synthetic teat sealants.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	cattle production;dairy cows;animal nutrition;drying off;animal health;milk production;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Magistrsko delo/naloga
Študijski program:	0
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Oddelek za zootehniko, Magistrsko delo magistrskega študijskega programa 2. stopnje Znanost o živalih
Strani:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (XII, 51 str., 1 str. pril.))
ID:	25654054