Sekundarni povzetek: |
Medial epicondylitis, commonly known as golfer's elbow, is a degenerative condition caused by repetitive overuse and microtrauma of the flexor-pronator muscle group. It most frequently affects individuals performing repetitive pronation of the forearm and wrist flexion, particularly in sports such as golf, tennis, or javelin throwing, as well as in occupational activities involving upper limb strain. The injury typically occurs on the dominant arm and progresses in two phases: the acute phase, characterized by inflammation, pain, and swelling, and the chronic phase, marked by degenerative tissue changes, fibrosis, and calcification. This results in reduced range of motion, impaired functionality, and weakened grip strength. Diagnosis relies on a detailed medical history, clinical tests such as the Wrist Flexion Test against resistance and the Reverse Cozen’s Test, along with imaging techniques (ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging) to assess the extent of the injury and rule out other potential causes of pain. Physiotherapy aims to reduce pain, restore mobility, recover upper limb functionality, and improve grip strength. Effective treatments include eccentric exercises to strengthen the affected muscles, shockwave therapy to stimulate tissue regeneration, and stretching and manual techniques. Tailoring therapy to the stage of injury and the specific needs of the patient is essential, with a holistic and personalized approach being key to successful rehabilitation. Research supports the effectiveness of eccentric exercises and shockwave therapy, while evidence for other methods, such as laser therapy, ultrasound, and kinesiology taping, remains limited. In the acute phase, low-energy shockwave therapy is recommended to alleviate pain and enhance microcirculation, with low-intensity eccentric exercises introduced gradually. In the chronic phase, high-frequency shockwaves are advised for deeper tissue penetration, along with more intensive exercises to promote regeneration and strengthen the flexor-pronator muscle group. Despite the existing treatment approaches, there is still a lack of comprehensive scientific evidence to establish specific guidelines. Further research could help develop more personalized and effective therapeutic strategies, improving both short- and long-term outcomes. For patients who continue to experience severe pain and functional limitations despite extensive physiotherapy, surgical intervention remains a last resort. By conducting a thorough assessment of the patient’s needs and potential comorbidities, the best possible results can be achieved, enhancing the quality of life for individuals suffering from medial epicondylitis. |