Tatvine električnih avtomobilov v Sloveniji

diplomsko delo visokošolskega študijskega programa Varnost in policijsko delo

Elvir Sadiković (Avtor), Bojan Dobovšek (Mentor)

Povzetek

V Sloveniji je prodaja avtomobilov trenutno v rastočem trendu in št. avtomobilov na cesti se vsako leto veča. Celotna številka vseh registriranih osebnih avtomobilov po številkah iz leta 2024 dosega okoli 1,2 milijona, električni avtomobili pri tem predstavljajo okoli odstotek voznega parka osebnih avtomobilov v Sloveniji. Kljub vedno večji priljubljenosti el. avtomobilov v zadnjih letih in njihovem rastočem trendu vse do konca leta 2023, pa se je to v 2024 spremenilo, saj beležimo obratni trend. Kljub rasti celotne prodaje vseh vrst avtomobilov je prodaja el. avtomobilov padla za 38% v primerjavi z 2023. Tako kot raste prodaja avtomobilov, pa raste tudi nivo organiziranega kriminala in tatvin – zlasti v smislu načinov izvedbe in naprednih tehnik pri tatvinah tako pri avtomobilih na klasični pogon kot el. avtomobilih, precej bolj na udaru pa so avtomobili višjih vrednosti in višjih cenovnih razredov. V zadnjih desetletjih je tehnologija pri izdelavi avtomobilov šla močno naprej, poleg mehaničnih in tehničnih izboljšav na samih avtomobilih so napredovali tudi varnostni sistemi avtomobilov, kot so alarmne naprave in elektronske naprave za onesposobitev motorja, napredno zaklepanje/odklepanje avtomobila, itn, ki vsaj do neke mere otežujejo tatvino avtomobila, če je že ne preprečijo. Glede na raziskave v svetovnem merilu se tatvine avtomobilov sicer ne zmanjšujejo, naj pa bi se tatovi pri tatvinah bolj izogibali električnim avtomobilom. Glavni namen zaključnega dela je bil osvetliti področje tatvin avtomobilov na el. pogon v primerjavi s tatvinami avtomobilov na klasični pogon ter raziskati, ali je s pojavom el. avtomobilov pričakovati manj tatvin. Pri raziskovanju smo uporabili primarno in sekundarno deskriptivno metodo za pregled literature s tovrstno tematiko, preučili smo različna stališča in navedbe posamičnih avtorjev iz spletnih virov, revij in člankov v slovenskem in tujem jeziku. Pri preverjanju raziskovalnih vprašanj smo uporabili analitično metodo ter analizo povezanosti ključnih dejavnikov razvoja tehnološkega aspekta z vidika varovanja avtomobilov in dostopne statistike iz področja proizvodnje ter tatvin avtomobilov. Pri iskanju podatkov smo imeli kar nekaj izzivov pri iskanju najnovejših statističnih podatkov in virov, ki bi pomagali pri zaključkih in analizah. Tatvine vozil se v svetovnem merilu vodijo na nivoju policije in ostalih pristojnih institucij, zato so podatki v veliki meri zaščiteni pred zlorabo ter s tem tudi težje dostopni za širšo javnost. Zato smo se pri analizah oprli na podatke, ki so dostopni, vendar morda niso najbolj ažurni, prav tako so se pri različnih relevantnih virih pojavile razlike med podatki. V zaključnem delu smo preverili, kakšen odstotek proizvodnje zavzemajo el. avtomobili ter kako zaščiteni so v primerjavi z avtomobili na klasični pogon, analizirali smo trenutne trende in statistike na področju tatvin navadnih in el. vozil ter poizkusili osvetliti stanje z evropskega in svetovnega vidika. Raziskali smo, na kakšen način se v okviru EU članice lotevajo izziva tatvin avtomobilov in kakšnih preventivnih ukrepov se lotevajo posamezni proizvajalci avtomobilov. Preverili smo priporočila, s katerimi lahko vsak prispeva k večji varnosti pred tatvino lastnega avtomobila in orodja, ki so na voljo v ta namen. Ugotovili smo, da so v primerjavi z avtomobili na klasični pogon, če štejemo celotni vozni park, el. avtomobili bolj zaščiteni, tako s tehnološkega aspekta kot z vidika načinov, na katere bi lahko izpeljali tatvino el. avtomobila. Če pa primerjamo nivo zaščite bolj naprednih avtomobilov, pa imajo tako električni kot avtomobili na klasični pogon podobne zaščitne mehanizme in se ne da trditi, da so el. avtomobili bolj varni pred tatvino kot drugi. Ugotovili smo tudi, da so z vidika kasnejše preprodaje avtomobilov ali njihovih delov električni avtomobili manj privlačni za tatove, to pa tudi pomeni, da je v prihodnosti pričakovati manj tatvin na področju električnih avtomobilov.

Ključne besede

tatvine električnih avtomobilov;varnost pred tatvino;diplomske naloge;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2025
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	[E. Sadiković]
UDK:	343.71(043.2)
COBISS:	228275971
Št. ogledov:	0
Št. prenosov:	1
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Theft occurence of electric cars in Slovenia
Sekundarni povzetek:	In Slovenia, new car sales are currently rising and every year, the number of cars on the roads is higher. According to data from 2024, the total number of registered cars amounts to approximately 1.2 million, with electric cars making up about one percent of the car fleet in Slovenia. Despite the growing popularity of electric cars in recent years and their upward trend until the end of 2023, this changed in 2024, as a reverse trend has been recorded. While the overall sales of all types of cars are growing, sales of electric vehicles have dropped by 38% compared to 2023. As car sales grow, so does the level of organized crime and theft, particularly in terms of execution methods and advanced techniques for stealing both traditional and electric vehicles. The occurance of high-value and luxury car theft has risen. Over the past decades, automotive technology has advanced significantly. Alongside mechanical and technical improvements in vehicles themselves, car security systems such as alarms, electronic engine immobilizers, and advanced locking/unlocking mechanisms have also evolved. These systems complicate theft to some degree, if not prevent it entirely. Global research indicates that vehicle theft rates are not decreasing overall, but thieves tend to avoid electric cars more often. The primary goal of this thesis was to explore the issue of electric vehicle theft in comparison to thefts of traditional vehicles and investigate whether the emergence of electric cars could lead to fewer thefts. The research employed primary and secondary descriptive methods to review literature on this topic, examining various perspectives and claims from authors in online sources, magazines, and articles in both Slovenian and foreign languages. To address the research questions, analytical methods were used to explore the correlation between technological advancements in car security and available statistics on vehicle production and thefts. However, finding the latest statistical data and sources to support conclusions and analyses posed significant challenges. Globally, vehicle theft data is managed at the level of police and other relevant institutions, which means that much of the data is protected to prevent misuse and is therefore less accessible to the general public. Consequently, the analyses relied on available data, which may not always be the most up-to-date, and discrepancies were observed among different relevant sources. The thesis examined the percentage of electric cars in total vehicle production and how their security compares to that of traditional vehicles. Current trends and statistics regarding thefts of conventional and electric vehicles were analyzed, aiming to provide insights from both European and global perspectives. The research also explored how EU member states address the challenge of vehicle theft and what preventive measures are being undertaken by individual car manufacturers. Recommendations were reviewed for individuals to contribute to the security of their own vehicles, as well as tools available for this purpose. The findings indicate that electric cars, when considering the entire vehicle fleet, are better protected than traditional vehicles, both from a technological standpoint and in terms of methods by which electric car thefts might occur. However, when comparing the security levels of more advanced vehicles, both electric and traditional cars feature similar protective mechanisms, making it impossible to claim that electric vehicles are categorically safer from theft. Additionally, it was found that electric vehicles are less attractive to thieves for resale purposes or the sale of their parts, which suggests that fewer thefts of electric cars can be expected in the future.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	Tatvina;Električni avtomobili;Slovenija;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani:	X f., [69] str.
ID:	26026473