Opazovanje v šolski geometriji

Povzetek

Ključne besede

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2013
Izvor:	Ljubljana
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UL PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
Založnik:	[K. Zupan]
UDK:	514:373.3(043.2)
COBISS:	9927241
Št. ogledov:	697
Št. prenosov:	369
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Observing in school geometry
Sekundarni povzetek:	Observing is an important process in learning geometry. In the first part of the thesis observing is considered from a psychological perspective: the Gestalt theory, its history, the distribution of gestalt qualities, as well as various studies and theories of templates. The observing process is considered also from the didactic point of view by means of the van Hiele’s theory of levels of geometric reasoning. Since colours also influence observing, a list of advices for teachers about using colours is included. In the thesis we consider also the concepts of angle and triangle, as examples of objects which students observe in geometry. Different didactic tips on how to present these topics to students are also included, as well as some exercise tasks aimed at improving observing skills. Finally, we present how observing geometric shapes is treated in selected textbooks. In the empirical part of the thesis we present a simple research, in which we investigated how various visual elements in the representation of a geometric configuration facilitate or hinder the recognition of geometric objects and geometric properties. As part of the research a test was taken by students of grade seven of a lower secondary school. The tasks of the test required only visual observation, thus the students made no use of measuring or construction aids as they worked them out. Regarding the influence of colours, proximity, and position of images of geometric objects we found that students find difficult to recognise a shape in ‘non-standard’ positions and find difficult to identify congruent objects if one of them is rotated. We also investigated how the emphasis of specific elements (vertices, sides, surfaces) as well as the choice of foreground/background colours of the shape affects its recognition by the students. We found that in this respect the choice of colour combinations plays an important role.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	geometry;primary education;geometrija;osnovnošolski pouk;
Vrsta datoteke:	application/pdf
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. Ljubljana, Pedagoška fak., Matematika in tehnika
Strani:	83 f., [4] f. pril.
Vrsta dela (ePrints):	thesis
Naslov (ePrints):	Observing in school geometry
Ključne besede (ePrints):	geometrija
Ključne besede (ePrints, sekundarni jezik):	geometry
Povzetek (ePrints):	Diplomsko delo govori o opazovanju, kot pomembnem procesu pri učenju geometrije. V prvem delu je predstavljeno opazovanje s psihološkega vidika. Opisana je gestalt teorija, njena zgodovina, razdelitev gestalt kvalitet, različne raziskave in teorije predlog s primeri. V nadaljevanju je opazovanje opisano z didaktičnega vidika, s pomočjo stopenj geometrijskega znanja po van Hielu. Ker so barve ključnega pomena pri opazovanju, so našteti nasveti, ki bi jih morali učitelji upoštevati, ko uporabijo barve. V nadaljevanju se osredotočimo na pojma kot in trikotnik - kot zgleda objektov, ki jih opazujemo pri geometriji. Opisani so tudi razni didaktični nasveti, kako predstaviti snov učencem. Prav tako so opisane nekatere naloge, s katerimi preko opazovanja preidemo na določanje lastnosti posameznih objektov. V diplomskem delu so predstavljene naloge iz izbranih učbenikov, in sicer naloge, namenjene opazovanju in prepoznavanju geometrijskih objektov. V empiričnem delu je predstavljena raziskava, s katero sem želela ugotoviti, katere lastnosti upodobitev geometrijskih objektov olajšajo oziroma otežijo prepoznavanje geometrijskih objektov in lastnosti. Kot osnovni instrument sem v ta namen izdelala preizkus. Preizkus so reševali učenci sedmih razredov osnovne šole. Preizkus so učenci reševali zgolj z opazovanjem (brez kakršnih koli pripomočkov, ravnil, šestil ipd.). V preizkusu sem preverjala, kako barva in lega slike geometrijskih objektov vplivata na njihovo prepoznavanje. Prav tako me je zanimalo, kako barva, bližina in lega slik geometrijskih objektov vplivajo na prepoznavanje skladnosti geometrijskih objektov. Izkazalo se je, da imajo učenci največ težav pri prepoznavanju objektov, ki so rotirani. Preverila sem tudi, kako poudarjenost oglišč, stranic oz. ploskve lika vpliva na prepoznavo likov. Ugotovila sem, da so nekateri učenci povezovali dana oglišča in si s tem pomagali pri opazovanju določenih objektov. Zanimalo me je tudi, kako izbira barve in barve ozadja vpliva na prepoznavo likov. Rezultati so pokazali, da je izbira barvne kombinacije ključna pri prepoznavi danega objekta.
Povzetek (ePrints, sekundarni jezik):	Observing is an important process in learning geometry. In the first part of the thesis observing is considered from a psychological perspective: the Gestalt theory, its history, the distribution of gestalt qualities, as well as various studies and theories of templates. The observing process is considered also from the didactic point of view by means of the van Hiele’s theory of levels of geometric reasoning. Since colours also influence observing, a list of advices for teachers about using colours is included. In the thesis we consider also the concepts of angle and triangle, as examples of objects which students observe in geometry. Different didactic tips on how to present these topics to students are also included, as well as some exercise tasks aimed at improving observing skills. Finally, we present how observing geometric shapes is treated in selected textbooks. In the empirical part of the thesis we present a simple research, in which we investigated how various visual elements in the representation of a geometric configuration facilitate or hinder the recognition of geometric objects and geometric properties. As part of the research a test was taken by students of grade seven of a lower secondary school. The tasks of the test required only visual observation, thus the students made no use of measuring or construction aids as they worked them out. Regarding the influence of colours, proximity, and position of images of geometric objects we found that students find difficult to recognise a shape in ‘non-standard’ positions and find difficult to identify congruent objects if one of them is rotated. We also investigated how the emphasis of specific elements (vertices, sides, surfaces) as well as the choice of foreground/background colours of the shape affects its recognition by the students. We found that in this respect the choice of colour combinations plays an important role.
Ključne besede (ePrints, sekundarni jezik):	geometry
ID:	8311944