Sekundarni povzetek: |
Due to increased world consumption and production, there is a rapid increase also in waste generation and waste being improperly disposed of, which encouraged developed countries to focus more on waste management. Furthermore, strict environmental legislation, usually enforced in developed countries, governing the management of hazardous waste, cosequently increases costs of recovery and disposal of waste in those countries, which is the main reason for exporting hazardous waste in developing countries. This phenomenon is present in the world for decades. Furthermore the lack of effective waste management legislation in developing countires, causes negative impact on environment and human health. Most hazardous waste from developed countries are exported to countries in Africa but also in India and Asia, in particular China.
To deal with the problem of increased export of hazardous waste to developing countries, countries have designed different international convention, with the main purpose of reduction of illegal transboundary movement of hazardous waste. The most important is the Basel convention, with more than 180 member countries. Moreover, EU is among developed countires, most important for struggling to deal with the waste problem, and it is very successful in enacting waste management legislation, governing waste and hazardous waste in EU countries. Irrespectively, a lot of hazadrous waste are exported to developing countries illegally.
On the other hand due to rapid growth of the elctronics industry, the volume of waste electrical and electronic (WEEE) equipment, being exported from developed countries to developing countries with the purpose of being re-used, disposed and processed, containing precious metals, is also increasing. Very often WEEE is exported in developing countries illegally. Moreover, poorer developing countries, normally lack the facilities to properly treat such wastes, furthermore it causes potential health risks to human health and the environment. The issue of illegal export of WEEE in developing countries is becoming very urgent. Consequently, durring the last years, some developed countries and also developing countries, have adopted additional measures to regulate illegal transboundary movement of WEEE and to ensure proper management of WEEE. |