Phylogeny and phylogeography of the genus Barbus Cuvier, 1817 (Cyprinidae, Osteichthyes) in Slovenia and in a part of Northern Italy

graduation thesis

Petra Marinšek (Avtor), Franc Janžekovič (Mentor), Elena Varljen Bužan (Komentor)

Povzetek

The area of Italy and Slovenia are inhabited by several barbel species of the subgenus Barbus. Species B. balcanicus, B. barbus, B. caninus and B. plebejus are widespread in Slovenia. B. tyberinus was expected in the Reno River basin, thus it is included in the study. Because of unclear taxonomy between Barbus species and related taxa cytochrome b gene phylogenetic analysis was applied to describe the phylogenetic relations. The relevance of the lateral line as one of the morphological characteristics for species determination was also verified. The lateral line itself has proven to be unreliable because of different ranges proposed by individual authors and our results do not contribute to establishing clearer boundaries. In addition, the ranges of the scales between the species overlap. Thus, the lateral line is only partially useful for determining the species and only when combined with many other morphological characters and the location of harvesting. Given the large morphological similarity among species this may indicate a plausible cryptic speciation of this subgenus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the subgenus Barbus includes monophyletic populations whose distribution areas are species-specific. Haplotypes of the genus Barbus are broken into three clades, which with minor variations correspond to their geographical distribution. The first clade includes haplotypes from the Black Sea drainage and the Italian Adriatic Sea drainage. In the second clade are haplotypes from the Adriatic Sea drainage and in the third haplotypes from the Slovenian Adriatic and the Black Sea drainage. Surprisingly, B. barbus inhabits the Reno and the Montone basin, while none was found in the Slovenian Adriatic Sea drainage. According to the latest written sources it inhabits the Black Sea drainage, so this distribution is certainly the result of a human factor. The network analysis confirmed the existence of B. balcanicus as an independent species, which is not visible from the phylogenetic tree. Despite the written sources confirming the presence of B. caninus in Slovenia, this study was unable to identify any, which requires further research.

Ključne besede

barbels;cytochrome b;PCR;phylogeny;

Podatki

Jezik:	Angleški jezik
Leto izida:	2014
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FNM - Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko
Založnik:	[P. Marinšek]
UDK:	581.9:591(043.2)
COBISS:	20694792
Št. ogledov:	1813
Št. prenosov:	98
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	Filogenija in filogeografija rodu Barbus Cuvier, 1817 (Cyprinidae, Osteichthyes) v Sloveniji in delu severne Italije
Sekundarni povzetek:	Območje Slovenije in Italije poseljuje več vrst mren iz podrodu Barbus, med katerimi so v Sloveniji razširjene 4 vrste, B. balcanicus, B. barbus, B. caninus in B. plebejus. V raziskavi smo upoštevali tudi B. tyberinus, ki smo ga pričakovali v porečju Rena. Zaradi nejasnih odnosov med taksoni smo sorodstvene odnose med vrstami mren in sorodnimi taksoni ugotavljali na podlagi sekvenc mitohondrijskega gena za citokrom b ter obenem še preverili relevantnost pobočnice kot lastnosti za morfološko determinacijo vrste. Pobočnica sama se je izkazala kot nezanesljiva že zaradi neusklajene obstoječe literature, ki je neenotna v razponu lusk in naši izsledki niso pripomogli k določitvi natančnejše meja. Ob tem se razponi lusk med vrstami prekrivajo. Tako je pobočnica zgolj delno uporabna za določitev vrste skupaj z mnogimi drugimi morfološkimi znaki in lokacijo izlova. Glede na veliko morfološko podobnost med samimi vrstami lahko gre pri tem podrodu za kriptično speciacijo. Filogenetska analiza je pokazala, da podrod Barbus na tem območju zajema monofiletske skupine populacij, katerih areali so vrstno specifični. Haplotipi rodu Barbus se razporejajo v tri klade, ki se z manjšimi odstopanji ujemajo z njihovo geografsko razporeditvijo. Prvi klad obsega haplotipe iz povodja Črnega morja in italijanskega Jadranskega morja. V drugem kladu so združeni haplotipi iz povodja Jadranskega morja in v tretjem haplotipi iz slovenskega Jadranskega in Črnega morja. Presenetljivo B. barbus naseljuje reke porečja Rena in reke Montone, vendar manjka v porečju slovenskega Jadranskega morja. Literatura ga umešča v porečje Črnega morja, torej je to gotovo posledica človeškega dejavnika. S pomočjo mrežne analize haplotipov smo potrdili obstoj vrste B. balcanicus, ki iz filogenetskih dreves ni tako vidna. Kljub navedbam literature nismo prepoznali nobenega B. caninusa, kar zahteva nadaljnje raziskave.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	biologija;mrene;citokromi;PCR;filogenija;diplomska dela;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za naravoslovje in matematiko, Oddelek za biologijo
Strani:	79 f.
ID:	8729384