Vpliv pozornosti na spomin očividcev

diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študija Varnost in policijsko delo

Tamara Lacić (Avtor), Tinkara Pavšič Mrevlje (Mentor)

Povzetek

Sicer je dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na spomin veliko več, vendar je diplomsko delo predvsem osredotočeno na vpliv pozornosti. V teoretičnemu delu so opisane vrste spomina za lažje razumevanje, kako se informacije vkodirajo v spomin ter spominske napake za boljše razumevanje nezanesljivosti spomina. Opisani pa so tudi drugi dejavniki, ki vplivajo na spomin. Tako zunanji, kot so čistost zaznav ter čas trajanja dogodka, kot tudi notranji, kot so razlike med spoloma, starost, čustva in stres ter sugestivnost. Poudarjena je pomembnost pravilnega izpraševanja prič in pa tudi napake, ki jih delajo preiskovalci. Pri empiričnem delu diplomskega dela je predstavljen predvsem vpliv pozornosti na spomin dijakov, starih med 16 in 18 let. Dijaki so si ogledali videoposnetek kaznivega dejanja, vloma v avtomobil in kraje torbice. Nato so dijaki odgovarjali na vprašalnik. Dijaki so bili razdeljeni v štiri skupine, v vsaki pa so bile okoliščine drugačne. Dve skupini sta vedeli, da morata biti pozorni in da bosta na koncu morali odgovarjati na vprašalnik, dve pa ne. Od teh je bila ena skupina zmotena s trkom na vrata. Rezultati kažejo, da je vpliv pozornosti na spomin zelo močen, saj so udeleženci tistih dveh skupin, ki so vedeli, da morajo biti pozorni, navedli več pravilnih podrobnosti, kot udeleženci tistih dveh skupin, ki niso vedeli, da morajo biti pozorni. Vpliv trka na vrata pa ni dovolj prepričljiv v tej raziskavi, predvsem zaradi premajhnega vzorca in drugih zunanjih vplivov, ki so bili nepredvideni in zelo težko nadzorovani. Tako so tudi vplivali na rezultate te raziskave in na spomin dijakov, s tem pa tudi na postavljene hipoteze.

Ključne besede

spomin;spominske zmote;pozornost;očividci;pričanje;vprašalniki;diplomske naloge;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2014
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM FVV - Fakulteta za varnostne vede
Založnik:	T. Lacić]
UDK:	159.953.34(043.2)
COBISS:	2870506
Št. ogledov:	1358
Št. prenosov:	129
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni povzetek:	There are many influences on memory but this final dissertation is focused on attention. In the theoretical part different kinds of memory are presented to better understand how information is stored. Also memory errors are presented to be aware of the unreliability of memory. There are many more memory influences presented like clarity, emotions, stress and the length of the event. Also there are inner influences like differences between sexes, age and suggestibility. The focus is also on mistakes of the investigators. In the practical part of this final dissertation the focus is solely on the influence of attention on high schoolers aged between 16 and 18. The participants saw a video of a crime, braking in a car and steeling a handbag. The participants than answered a questioner. They were in four groups and each had different circumstances. Two groups knew they had to be focused on the video because they will receive a questioner at the end and two groups did not know that. Out of those, two were interrupted by a door knock. The results show that the attention has a very strong influence because the two groups that knew they had to focus had the best results. They wrote the most correct details than the two groups that did not know. But the influence of the door knock is not substantial enough, probably because of the small number of participants and other outer influences that were unpredictable and hard to control. They influenced the results and the memory of the participants and with that also on the set hypotheses.
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Strani:	46 str.
ID:	8730006