Normativna ureditev dobrobiti živali

diplomsko delo

Ana Mrak (Avtor), Matjaž Tratnik (Mentor)

Povzetek

Ljudje bivamo z živalmi že od nastanka človeštva. V času rimske civilizacije je bila žival stvar v pravnem prometu, prostoživeče živali pa res nullius, kar je pomenilo, da jo je lahko vsak vzel v posest. Pravna zaščita živali se je začela kot zaščita tuje lastnine, kar pomeni, da so imele status objekta. Saksonski kazenski zakonik iz 18. stoletja je bil eden prvih, ki je kaznoval njihovo zlorabo. Šele leta 1824 je bila v Angliji s strani Arthurja Brooma ustanovljena prva organizacija za zaščito živali. Sodobno pravo jim priznava pravno zaščito. Ta obsega človeške normativne in dejanske aktivnosti, ki naj preprečijo mučenje, izboljšajo življenjske razmere, zmanjšajo njihovo trpljenje ipd. V Sloveniji je zaščita živali določena v Zakonu o zaščiti živali , ki je bil sprejet leta 1999 in določa odgovornost ljudi za zaščito živali, s Kazenskim zakonikom ter drugimi zakoni in podzakonskimi akti. Na nacionalni ravni za zaščito živali skrbijo različni organi in organizacije, ki imajo pristojnosti določene z zakoni. Ko je v Evropi začel naraščati pomen dobrobiti živali, so se intenzivno lotili reševanja te problematike tudi v okviru Sveta Evrope in v okviru njihovega delovanja je bilo sprejetih več konvencij, ki so jih ratificirale tudi države zunaj Evrope. Združene države Amerike so sprejele Animal Welfare Act na zvezni ravni, posamezne države pa imajo lokalne predpise in zakone za zaščito živali. Španija predstavlja primer države, ki zaradi močnega krščanskega vpliva ni zaščitniško naravnana do živali, vendar se v zadnjih letih zadeve bistveno spreminjajo, dokaz za to predstavlja tudi prepoved bikoborb v Kataloniji, ki pomenijo eno izmed glavnih značilnosti in znamenitosti Španije. Danes je skrb za dobrobit živali postala pomembna tematika, vendar še vedno obstajajo dejavnosti, ki so dovoljene in nesankcionirane, pri katerih prihaja do mučenj, kot je testiranje na živalih, prav tako pa obstajajo pomanjkljivosti v zakonodajah, ki jih bo potrebno odpraviti, da se zagotovi tako dobrobit živali, kot tudi zdravje ljudi, ki uživajo meso in mlečne izdelke.

Ključne besede

zaščita živali;dobrobit živali;Zakon o zaščiti živali;mučenje živali;ZDA;Španija;bikoborbe;vivisekcija;diplomska dela;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2014
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik:	[A. Mrak]
UDK:	343.58(043.2)
COBISS:	4761131
Št. ogledov:	1391
Št. prenosov:	291
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	LEGAL REGULATION OF ANIMAL WELFARE
Sekundarni povzetek:	People have been living with animals since the beginning of mankind. During the Roman civilization, an animal was a subject in legal transactions; free-living animals, on the other hand, were res nullius, which means that anyone could take them into possession. Legal protection of animals started as protection of foreign property, meaning that animals had the status of an object. The Criminal Code of Saxony from the 18th century was one of the first to punish their abuse. The first organization for the protection of animals was founded in England by Arthur Broom. Modern law recognizes legal protection of animals. That includes human normative and actual activities, which should prevent torture, improve living conditions, lower the suffering of animals, etc. In Slovenia, legal protection of animals is regulated by the Animal Protection Act, which was adopted in 1999 and, together with the Penal code as well as other laws and regulations, provides that people are responsible for the protection of animals. On a national level, we have different bodies and organizations that have jurisdiction defined by the law. When the importance of animal welfare started to increase in Europe, the Council of Europe adopted several conventions, which have also been ratified by the countries outside of Europe. The United States of America adopted the Animal Welfare Act at the federal level, as well as local ordinances and laws to protect animals at the state level. Spain is an example of a country that is not protective towards animals, due to the strong Christian influence. However, in recent years things have turned for the better, an example of that would be the prohibition of bullfighting in Catalonia, which is considered one of Spain’s main features and attractions. Today, concern for animal welfare is an important topic, but some of the permitted and unsanctioned activities, such as animal testing, are still cruel to animals. In addition, the existing deficiencies in legislation have to be eliminated, in order to ensure both animal welfare and the health of people who eat meat and dairy products.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	Animal welfare;animal protection;Animal Protection act;animal torture;animal protection in the USA;animal protection in Spain;bullfighting;vivisection.;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Strani:	58 f.
ID:	8730116