Prikriti preiskovalni ukrepi v Republiki Sloveniji in tujini

diplomsko delo

Rebeka Ostroško (Avtor), Zlatko Dežman (Mentor)

Povzetek

Vse od svojega nastanka se svetovne države soočajo s kriminalom, v sodobnem času pa smo priča vse večjemu porastu in razvoju novih ter hujših oblik kriminala, v prvi vrsti organiziranega kriminala. Države se z namenom odkrivanja in preiskovanja različnih kaznivih dejanj in njihovih storilcev poslužujejo številnih metod in sredstev, ki pa so se v boju zoper organizirani kriminal, izkazale za neprimerne in nezadostne in tako ne dajejo željenih rezultatov. Zato so zakonodajalci držav, z namenom uspešnejšega boja zoper kriminaliteto in v povezavi s tem za zašito svojih državljanov, drugih oseb in njihovih pravic, predvsem pa za zagotovitev demokratične in pravne države, uzakonili številne nove metode in sredstva, ki so usmerjena v preprečevanje in zatiranje kriminala in so organom pregona v pomoč pri odkrivanju in preiskovanju težjih kaznivih dejanj in njihovih storilcev ter predstavljajo podlago za zbiranje dokaznega gradiva, pomembnega za sam kazenski postopek. Te nove metode imenujemo prikriti preiskovalni ukrepi, ki jih lahko opredelimo kot posebna sredstva, ki so na voljo organom pregona, v okviru njihovega boja zoper težja kazniva dejanja posameznikov in organiziranih skupin, zlasti zoper kazniva dejanja organizirane kriminalitete. Vendar pri izvajanju prikritih preiskovalnih ukrepov nujno prihaja do poseganja v ustavno zajamčene in varovane pravice in temeljne svoboščine, še posebej v pravico do zasebnosti. Ker pa so s kaznivimi dejanji posameznikov in organiziranih združb, oškodovani drugi subjekti, države dopuščajo uporabo prikritih preiskovalnih ukrepov in posledično poseganje v pravice osumljencev, vendar le v zakonsko dovoljenem obsegu, saj s tem zagotovi in varuje pravice samih oškodovancev. Prav tako pa je izvajanje teh ukrepov in s tem poseganje v pravice posameznika nujno za samo dejansko zagotovitev in varstvo človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin. Zato je ena izmed bistvenih nalog države, natančneje zakonodajalca, zagotoviti zakonsko ureditev teh ukrepov in vpeljati učinkovite mehanizme nadzora nad njihovim izvajanjem. Določiti mora pravne dopustne okvirje nadzorovanega poseganja v človekove pravice in svoboščine s strani državnih organov. S tem zakonodajalec prepreči samovoljno uporabo prikritih preiskovalnih ukrepov z namenom varstva državnih koristi, s tem pa posledično tudi nepotrebno in brezpredmetno poseganje in celo zatiranje pravic in svoboščin posameznikov. Tako v Republiki Sloveniji kot tudi v Združenih državah Amerike in Republiki Hrvaški, so bili prikriti preiskovalni ukrepi, skozi celoten svoj razvoj podvrženi nenehnemu spreminjanju, prehajanju in usklajevanju. Razloge za to gre iskati v številnih ustavnih in zakonskih spremembah ter v različnih sodnih odločitvah. To področje je bilo v Republiki Sloveniji že od vsega začetka urejeno s številnimi predpisi, v zadnjih letih pa smo priča prizadevanju zakonodajalca po čim enotnejši in preglednejši zakonski ureditvi tega področja. Lahko rečemo, da so se tudi v Republiki Sloveniji na tem področju že zgodili premiki k enotni zakonski ureditvi prikritih preiskovalnih ukrepov, s čimer je (in zagotovo še bo) zakonodajalec doprinesel k še večji preglednosti le-teh.

Ključne besede

kazensko pravo;organizirani kriminal;prikriti preiskovalni ukrepi;človekove pravice in temeljne svoboščine;diplomska dela;

Podatki

Jezik:	Slovenski jezik
Leto izida:	2014
Tipologija:	2.11 - Diplomsko delo
Organizacija:	UM PF - Pravna fakulteta
Založnik:	[R. Ostroško]
UDK:	343.1(043.2)
COBISS:	4805675
Št. ogledov:	4073
Št. prenosov:	801
Ocena:	0 (0 glasov)
Metapodatki:

Ostali podatki

Sekundarni jezik:	Angleški jezik
Sekundarni naslov:	SECRET INVESTIGATIVE MEASURES IN SLOVENIA AND ABROAD
Sekundarni povzetek:	There is a struggle and confrontation in countries all over the world against criminal activity since the beginning. But in recent, modern time, we are witnesses of rising and developing of the new and the worse forms of criminal activities, especially organized criminal activities. For the purpose to uncovering and inquiering of variety legal offences and its pepetrators, countries use numerous methods and measures, that demonstrate itselfs as unappropriate and unsufficient in organized criminal activity struggle. For intention to realize more effective actions against criminal activity and therefore for more effective citizen and other subjects protection and its legal rights, Legislation state organs have enacted numerous of new methods and instruments that are directed towards the prevention and suppression of criminal activity and make state prosecution agencies feasible in the detection and investigation of serious crime actions and their perpetrators and therefore provide a basis for the collection of evidence relevant to the criminal proceeding. Those new methods are named as undercover investigation measures and can be defined as special manners for prosecution organs in struggle against the worst criminal actions, theirs perpetrators and organized criminal groups. Other social subjects are impaired with perpetrators and organized groups criminal actions. Therefore states permits the use of undercover investigation measures and consecutively interferection in suspects rights, but only to the extend permitted by the law, as to ensure and protect the rights of victims themselves. The principal duty of each state, especially for legislation state organs, is to ensure legal regulations for those measures and to initiate effective supervision mechanisms and its implementation. The permissible legal frameworks of the controlled prejudice to the human rights and freedom by state agencies must be specify by state legislation organs. Arbitrary use of undercover investigative measures are prevented by legislation organ with those actions. During the entire progress the undercover methods had been subject to continually modifying, reconciliation and desistance in Republic of Slovenia, United States and in Republic of Croatia as well. The reasons for this should be found in a number of constitutional and legislative changes and various judicial decisions. From the very beginning there had been many regulations in Slovenia that effected directly on survey of legal settlement of those measures. However, in the Republic of Slovenia we are now witnessed a fairly uniform statutory regulation of undercover investigative measures, that contributed to the transparency of these. There had been moves made to a unifying statutory regulations of undercover investigation measures and with those actions greater transparency is provided by state legislation organs in Republic of Slovenia.
Sekundarne ključne besede:	organized crime;secret investigative measures;human rights and fundamental freedoms;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Vrsta dela (COBISS):	Diplomsko delo/naloga
Komentar na gradivo:	Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Strani:	69 f.
ID:	8730653